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Animal-like Protists: Protozoans 20-2

Animal-like Protists: Protozoans 20-2. Biology 1004 Flora. Protozoans. 4 Types: Zooflagellates Sarcodines Ciliates Sporozoans. Zooflagellates. Flagella – long whip-like projections that allow organisms to move

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Animal-like Protists: Protozoans 20-2

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  1. Animal-like Protists: Protozoans20-2 Biology 1004 Flora

  2. Protozoans • 4 Types: • Zooflagellates • Sarcodines • Ciliates • Sporozoans

  3. Zooflagellates • Flagella – long whip-like projections that allow organisms to move • Zooflagellates – animal-like protists that swim using flagella and are classified into the phylum zoomastigina • Often referred to as zoomastigina • Can have 1 or 2 flagella • Reproduce asexually • Live in organisms and lakes/streams • Absorb food through cell membranes

  4. Sarcodines • Phylum Sarcodina • Move via cytoplasmic projections called “pseudopods” • These structures are temporary • Best known sarcodines are amoebas • Ex: blob • Cytoplasm flows into pseudopod allowing movement – called “amoeboid movement” • Obtain food through endocytosis and making a food vacuole • Reproduce through mitosis and cytokinesis • Live mainly in oceans

  5. Ciliates • Phylum Ciliophora • Movement provided via cilia – short hair-like projections • Ex: oars on a ship • Found in fresh and salt water • Free living – do not require other organisms

  6. Internal Anatomy of Ciliates • Cell membrane has trichocysts just below the surface • Bottle-shaped stiff projections used for defense • Contain two nuclei • Macronucleus – genetic info needed for daily existence • Micronucleus – contains “reserve” copies of all genes

  7. Ciliate Anatomy Cont. • Obtain food particles into the “gullet” • The gullet is an indentation of one side of the ciliate • Gullet forces food into the cell membrane and forms a food vacuole • Waste materials are excreted through an anal pore • Contractile vacuole allows cell to maintain homeostasis through absorption and removal of water • Reproduce through asexually • Can exchange genetic information through conjugation (sexual process)

  8. Ciliate Anatomy

  9. Sporozoans • Phylum Sporozoa • Do not move on their own and are parasitic • Reproduce via sporozoites • For humans, most protists cause diseases • Ex: malaria or african sleeping sickness • Darn females! Infects liver/RBC’s • Tetse Fly – damages nervous system • d

  10. Ecological Impact • Decomposers • Live symbiotically • Serve as food for other organisms • Ex: termites - trichonympha

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