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Understanding Linux

John Curl Joe Hetherington Bradley Lewis Michael Wu. Understanding Linux. John Curl. Intro to Linux. What is Linux?. Unix like operating system Open source collaboration Free Code can be freely transmitted and modified Linux can be installed on any platform

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Understanding Linux

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  1. John Curl Joe Hetherington Bradley Lewis Michael Wu Understanding Linux

  2. John Curl Intro to Linux

  3. What is Linux? • Unix like operating system • Open source collaboration • Free • Code can be freely transmittedand modified • Linux can be installed on any platform • More predominately used on servers, over 60%

  4. Design • Based off the principles established in the Unix system • Uses a monolithic kernel (a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware) which handles process control, networking, and peripheral and file system access

  5. User Interface • Users can control a Linux-based system through a command line interface (or CLI), a graphical user interface (or GUI), or through controls attached to the associated hardware • The default mode for desktops is GUI while CLI is used on separate virtual consoles

  6. Joe Hetherington Unix & Kernel

  7. Appeal Multitasking Multiuser Portability UNIX programs Software library UNIX

  8. Multiuser Ex. Allows multiple users to access same document – compartmentalization Portability Able to move from one brand of computer to another with minimal code changes Easy to update UNIX

  9. UNIX Programs Integral Utilities – necessary for operation Tools – provide customizable capabilities Software Library Third-party vendors UNIX

  10. UNIX Structure

  11. What is a kernel? • A kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level. The kernel's responsibilities include managing the system's resources (the communication between hardware and software components)

  12. Lowest level of software Manages hardware Runs user programs Maintains security and integrity of whole system Kernel

  13. Fulfills 4 Main Management Tasks Memory management Process management File system management I/O management Kernel

  14. Bradley Lewis History

  15. History • Developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland • Inspired by Munix • Written from scratch by Andrew Tanenbaum • Ran off the Intel 8086 microprocessor • Contained 12,00 lines of code

  16. History • Uses no code from AT&T or any other proprietary source • First official version introduced in October of 1991 as version 0.02

  17. History • Version 0.02 • Was able to run bash and gcc • Intended as a hackers system • Primary focus was kernel development

  18. History • A year and a half later in December of 1993 Linux was at version .99 • Battles broke out between Linus and Tannenbaum, the creator of Minix • Linux became more popular and was finally licensed under the GNU General Public License

  19. History • In 1996 Linux was put to the test and ran 68 PCs as a single parallel processing machine • Had a peak speed of 19 billion calculations per second, making it the 315th most powerful supercomputer • Cost a tenth of what comparable supercomputers

  20. General Public License • This license allows anyone to: • use the software at no charge, without any limitations • copy, and distribute or sell unmodified copies of the software in the source or binary form • modify, and distribute or sell a modified version of the software as long as the source code is included and licensing under the GPL • sell support for the software

  21. John Curl Ubuntu

  22. Ubuntu • Most popular form of Linux • Named after South African ethical ideology, meaning “humanity towards others” • 40% to 50% of Linux users • Like all Linux Ubuntu is free and open source • Can run many Windows programs through Vmware

  23. Works on PC's & Servers Updated every 6 months Features- Email, Music, Web Surfing, Chat, Photos, Office, Games Access thousands of open source Apps Download or request CD from Ubuntu site Ubuntu

  24. Installation • This General Public License allows Linux to be obtained free of charge • Ways of Installation • "no-install": a "Run-from-CD" LiveCD distribution • setting up "Dual-boot" systems • you can completely erase the HD and install Linux only • Through distributors such as Red Hat, Caldera, etc.

  25. PC 256 MB RAM 4 GB disk space Server 192 MB RAM 1 GB disk space Processor – Intel or AMD x86, AMD_64, EM_64T Ubuntu Installation

  26. Michael Wu Linux Support

  27. Linux Support • No official Linux support • Most support is done by online community • Medibuntu (Multimedia, Entertainment & Distractions In Ubuntu) • Repository of packages that cannot be included in Ubuntu distributation. • Step by step instructions to install packages

  28. Linux Support • Technical Support • Canonical • Company that provides live tech support for a cost • Linux.org • Provides various documents to assist with Linux installation and problems • Linuxforums.org • Provides help on different Linux systems • Provides information on most Linux needs for beginners

  29. Linux Support • Forums • Free software licenses allows for many proficient users to make improvements to Linux software • Post your problem and there is usually a response time within a few hours • Many users of Linux are knowledgeable in programming

  30. Linux User Group • Located in many cities and regions • Private non-profit organization • Promotes Linux and extensions of the free software • Holds meets to train and offer technical support

  31. Linux User Group • Installfests • LUG hosted event at university or LAN party • People get together to do mass installations of Linux • Hackfests • LUG event • People get together to reveal security issues and provides ways of fixing them

  32. John Curl Linux Vs Mac Vs Windows

  33. Linux • Advantages • Easy installation • Frequently updated • Large support community • Many different versions • Targeted less by viruses • Unix based • FREE!

  34. Linux • Disadvantages • Unstable • Lack of High Quality Professional Software • Installation

  35. Mac • Advantages • Excellent user interface • Stable • Large number of professional applications • Easy installation • Targeted less by viruses • Unix based

  36. Mac • Disadvantages • Proprietary • OS limited to a specific platform • Cost is high

  37. Windows • Advantages • Most popular OS • Most familiar OS • Very high Application and Driver support

  38. Windows • Disadvantages • Not very stable • Restricted freedom • Not free • Bad startup Applications • Frequently attacked by viruses

  39. Windows XP (52.94%) Windows Vista (23.25%) Windows 7 (11.24%) Mac OS X (5.90%) Linux (1.14%) iPhone (0.73%) Other (2.65%)

  40. Sources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing) • http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/tutorial.html • http://www.diffen.com/difference/Linux_vs_Unix • http://learnlinux.tsf.org.za/courses/build/internals/internals-all.html • http://www.tldp.org/LDP/gs/node3.html#SECTION00300000000000000000 • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question246.htm • http://www.linux.org/docs/beginner/install.html

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