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LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

LEC 02. ANGIOSPERMS Evolutionary Trends, Plants Family: Sets #1 & #2, and Classification Notes for Classes & Subclasses. LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff. Woody plants usually preceeded the herbs, vines, and climbers

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LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

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  1. LEC 02 ANGIOSPERMSEvolutionary Trends, Plants Family: Sets #1 & #2, and Classification Notes forClasses & Subclasses LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 02 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

  2. Woody plants usually preceeded the herbs, vines, and climbers Perennials gave rise to biennials…and annuals have derived from both perennials & biennials Dicots are considered ______ primitive than monocots Evolutionary Trends in Angiosperms (in general)

  3. gymnosperms Flowers Seed-bearing

  4. Alternate leaves with secretory cells are primitive compared to opposite or whorled leaves without secretory cells. Many separate stamens are more primitive than few or united stamens Single fruits preceded aggregate fruits formed from several ovaries OVERALL: simple structures are not necessarily primitive, but have become __________ as a result of reduction from complex parts. Evolutionary Trends in Angiosperms (in general)…con’t

  5. Single Fruits

  6. many Stamens Day lily St. Johnswort

  7. MONOCOT DICOT

  8. Dicotyledons (dicots): _____________ Monocotyledons (monocots) _________ Within the Division of Magnoliophyta (Anthrophyta) Two Classes*

  9. More diverse About 50% of species are woody Cotyledons: 2 (rarely 1, 3, or 4) Leaves: usually net-veined Primary vascular bundle: in a ring Floral parts (except carpels) sets of 5s or 4s Root system: primary & adventitious Dicots…in general (vs. monocots)

  10. 1 vs. 2 cotyledons Abundance of adventitious roots

  11. less diverse Less than 5% of species are woody Cotyledons: 1 Leaves: usually parallel-veined Primary vascular bundle: scattered or in 2 or more rings Floral parts (except carpels) sets of 3s or 4s Root system: adventitious (characteristic of ferns, too) Probably evolved from early forms of dicots _________ in the evolutionary history of angiosperms Monocots…in general (vs. dicots)

  12. Some… Woody(tree/shrub/vine)Families • Aceraceae • Anacardiaceae • Annonaceae • Betulaceae • Caprifoliaceae • Cornaceae • Ericaceae • Fagaceae • Grossulariaceae • Hippocastanaceae • Juglandaceae • Magnoliaceae • Moraceae • Oleaceae • Salicaceae • Smilacaceae • Ulmaceae

  13. Some… Forb/Herb Families • Guttiferae (Clusiaceae) • Lamiaceae • Liliaceae • Lythraceae • Malvaceae • Nymphaeaceae • Orchidaceae • Oxalidaceae • Phytolaccaceae • Polygonaceae • Portulacaceae • Ranunculaceae • Scrophulariaceae • Alismataceae • Apiaceae • Apocynaceae • Araceae • Asclepiadaceae • Asteraceae • Balsaminaceae • Brassicaceae • Campanulaceae • Caryophyllaceae • Convolvulaceae • Fabaceae*** • Geraniaceae

  14. “Combo” Families: woody & herb • Fabaceae [alternate name:Leguminosae] “legumes family” alfalfa birdfoot treefoil partridge pea round-headed lespedeza s. partridge pea slimflower scurfpea white clover yellow sweet clover wild blue indigo black locust* • Rosaceae • “rose family” rough avens* white avens * Am. plum black cherry black chokeberry black raspberry blackberry prairie rose multi-flora rose sweet (American) crap apple

  15. Plantae Kingdom Division Class Subclass Order Family Genus Magnoliophyta (Anthrophyta) 1 Magnoliopsida-dicots 2 Liliopsida-moncots - ___ ____ 1 2

  16. 1 Dicotyledons (Division Magnoliophyta, Class Magnoliopsida) Characteristics Subclasses • Advancement • Carpels • Flowers • Stamens • Pollen • Magnoliidae (8o.39f.11,000s) • Hamamelidae (11o.24f.3,400s) • Caryophyllidae (3o.14f.11,000s) • Dilleniidae (13o.78f.25,000s) • Rosidae (18o.114f.58,000s) • Asteridae (11o.49f.56,000s) Cronquist system 1981

  17. 2 Monocotyledons (Division Magnoliophyta, Class Magnoliopsida) Characteristics Subclasses • Alismatidae (4o.16f,500s) • Arecidae (4o.5f.5,600s) • Commelinidae (6o.16f.16,200s) • Zingiberidae (2o.9f.3,800s) • Liliidae (2o.19f,25,000s) • Advancement • Carpels • Flowers • Stomatal Subsidiary Cells

  18. Characteristics helpful in “subclass” classification • Advancement: 1 or more features vs. relatively primitive • Carpels: apocarpous vs. syncarpous • Flowers: primitive to well developed • Pollen: monosulcate vs. tricolpate (for dicots) • Stomatal subsidiary cells: 04 (for monocots)

  19. _______________ Carpels separate in single individual pistils _______________ Fused Carpels resulting in compound ovary • CARPELS

  20. _________________ globosesymmetrical, usually 3 germinal apertures ________________ boat-shaped, 1 long germinal furrow, 1 germinal aperture • POLLEN oak grass Lilium onion Artemisia

  21. STOMATAL SUBSIDIARY CELLS: 04 (for monocots)

  22. Summary thoughts on classification…for now • Many __________________ to examine • Some characteristics are very “definitive”…others require some “judgement calls” (ex. ___________ vs. _________________) • Classification into a subclass, order, family, and even genus is _______________________________

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