Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20

1. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore, Offshore, Deep & Ultra-Deep Water E&P: Redefining the Mission Critical Communication RequirementThe Challenge of Providing Telecommunications Services to a Big Energy CompanyEng. Ângelo Canavitsas - M.Sc.Spectrum Manager - Petrobras

2. Remark Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The pictures showed in this presentation is not necessarily from one of PETROBRAS systems, they are select from public sites only to illustrate the work.

3. Summary Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Introduction • Onshore systems • Automation • Oil & gas pipelines • Production in forest area • Aggressive environment • Offshore • Exploitation evolution • Very deep water (pre-salt) • Air transportation • UAV monitoring • Regulatory Issues • Conclusion • Schedule • 10:00 -10:20 – Presentation • 10:20 -10:30 – Questions & Answer 

4. Introduction Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The oil & gas industry continues to represent a propulsive base segment to maintain the developing of the countries. • This fact increases the activities of telecommunications sector, that is responsible to provide communications networking solutions. • One area to be detached is the pre-salt exploitation that represents a new era to oil and gas production and a great challenging to engineers.

5. Onshore systems Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • In the production phase, the oil can only come to the surface due to fluid pressure existing within the reservoir. The wells are called insurgents. • When this not occurs, it takes additional energy from the ground to raise the well fluids to the surface. • The mechanical pump is an artificial lift method, among several others.

6. Onshore systems - Automation Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Telecommunication connections to automation. • Telecommunication connections to automation.

7. Onshore systems - Automation Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Telecommunication systems requirements to support automation. • Radio modem • Antennas • Redundancy • High Availability • Reliability sensors sensors sensors Radio Modem Radio Modem Radio Modem Radio Modem Field Telecommunication Network Central Collecting station Local Area Network Main Station Server Clients

8. Onshore systems - Automation Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Automation frequency bands • 5.8 GHz – unlicensed band (Line of sight is required) • 2.4 GHz – unlicensed band (Line of sight is required) • 1.5 GHz – licensed band (protected) – WIMAX • 450 MHz – licensed band (protected) • No protection against interference. • Propagation mechanisms best suited to areas with rugged terrain.

9. Onshore systems - Automation Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Example of coverage area to automation.

10. Onshore systems - Oil & pipelines Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The successful construction of pipelines, its maintenance and automation depends directly on reliable telecommunication services.

11. Onshore systems - Oil & gas pipelines Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The implemented solutions through terrestrial systems are communications in VHF (148 to 174 MHz) using repeaters and trunking UHF (800 MHz) systems.

12. What rule are you following? Onshore systems - Oil & gas pipelines Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The equipment need to follow the NBR 14787 from Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT. • Just intrinsically safe radios can operate in explosive atmosphere, like oil refineries and platforms.

13. Onshore systems - Oil & pipelines Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Communications coverage along the pipelines. • Intrinsically Safe Radios (Used in critical locations). • Frequency bands (Affected by new regulatory issues). • VHF (148 to 174 MHz) – VHF system uses repeaters. • UHF (800 MHz) - Trunking system uses the radio base stations. • Some part of the radios will be modernized, but the company still have old radios, which however, still has a long shelf life.

14. Production in forest area Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The Urucu province is a huge complex of extracting oil and natural gas in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. • The natural gas extracted from the mine has begun to flow Urucu to Manaus via a pipeline with 660 kilometers. • Propagation in the forest is very complex, the coverage is reduced.

15. Production in Forest area - Aggressive environment Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The pipe line from Urucu to Manaus has 660 kilometers. • The forest goes slowly recovering the built-up areas, due to the action of rain and growth of trees and vegetation.

16. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Offshore - Exploitation evolution

17. Offshore - Very deep water (pre-salt) Distances from coast ≅ 350 km 17

18. Campos Basin Floating production, storage and offloading - FPSO Floating platform Jacket platform Turret

19. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Offshore communication • WIMAX technology – 3,5 GHz • Satellite network (ku band) • Automatic Dependent Surveillance -Broadcast (ADS-B) • Aircraft equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can transmit their location and altitude to other nearby aircraft and to air traffic control. • VHF and UHF systems with repeaters to communicate with platforms and ships.

20. Campos dos Goytacazes Conceição de Macabu Increasing Demand of Air Operations N São Tomé heliport P-25 PVM-I PVM-III PVM-II P-24 PCP-I PCP-II PPG-1A P-22 SS-11 P-20 PNA-I P-19 P-18 PCH-I Aeroporto de Macaé PNA-II PCH-II P-9 P-13 P-8 PCE-I P-15 P-21 P-7 P-12 PPM-I

21. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Offshore communication - Air transportation – ADS-B GPS constellation • Air traffic control

22. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • There is an intention to use UAV to monitor pipe lines and offshore areas, to take advance warning of any instances of anomalies.

23. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Example of images acquired by a UAV into an area where there was an oil spill.

24. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The areas monitoring with UAV can minimize accidents on oil industries.

25. Regulatory Issues Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • The Brazilian Telecommunication Agency - ANATEL implemented some new rules to VHF, UHF and SHF frequency bands. • Some of that changes affected PETROBRAS: • 148 to 174 MHz – Digital transceiver / channel 12,5 KHz. • 800 MHz – Digital modulation to trunking system. • 3,5 GHz – WIMAX technology to use only to offshore from 50 km from the coast (private users). • ADS-B and UAV need to follow the Aeronautical and ANATEL regulations.

26. Conclusion Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 • Information in this presentation provides a good idea about the challenge of the telecommunications sector in keeping PETROBRAS communication with a high reliability in operation.

27. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Thank you! Eng. Ângelo Canavitsas E-mail: canavitsas@petrobras.com.br