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ADVENTURE TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM. - People come to Canada for our environment. - Adventure and Ecotourism is Canada’s main tourism industry. - People come to Calgary from Japan to fish in the Bow River for $500-800 a day. By: AAR and KM. Management Plans of Parks Canada.
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ADVENTURE TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM - People come to Canada for our environment - Adventure and Ecotourism is Canada’s main tourism industry - People come to Calgary from Japan to fish in the Bow River for $500-800 a day By: AAR and KM
Management Plans of Parks Canada • Emphasis is moving from use to maintenance and protection • Challenged with maintaining the integrity of parks’ ecosystems which is defined as” • Having their native components intact • Biodiversity (Different types of life) • Ecosystem processes’ • Parks Canada is in charge of the land which work for Environmental Canada • Their focus was the use of the land • The main focus now is the Maintenance and the Protection • It is important to have different kinds of life, such as the trees • Logging industries cut down trees and replant them, but they are replanting the same trees which affects the biodiversity of the forests • We have to protect the Ecosystem processes (Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, etc.) so that we can ensure that the processes continue unchanged
Crown Lands • Much of our Canadian wilderness is owned by the federal or provincial governments – known as Crown Land • The Queen is the leader of Canada, which means all the land is not owned by the people, it is owned by the government which is owned by the Queen • Most adventure tourism occurs on Crown land • E.g. province of British Columbia • 92% is provincial Crown land • 1% is federal Crown land • 5% is privately owned • 2% covered by water
Stressors • External stressors: building of roads, establishment of businesses, increased use of land by people • Any event that causes the alteration or demise of a species
Stressors • Other Stressors: • Habitat loss or fragmentation (bears) • When some parks are built, they were built in the middle of the animals’ habitat • Building of roads and cities within natural habitats create conflicts between humans and animals • Disappearance of top predators impacts whole food chain • Pollution (air pollution, pesticides/herbicides) • Bio-magnification: the process by which the poisons of the lower organisms magnified in the higher organisms • Overpopulation of pests lead to the use pesticides and poisons • Alien Species (non native animals/plants) • Invasive species: Species that invade the area • Overuse
Adventure Tourism SOFT Adventure • Not dangerous • Less risky • Less strenuous • Little or no preparation • E.g. trail hiking, canoeing on a small lake, fishing, etc.
Adventure Tourism HARD Adventure • Can be dangerous • Person needs to be fit • Person needs to have trained • E.g. deep sea diving, white water rafting, hiking the West Coast Trail, etc.
Ecotourism • Responsible travel designed to educate the traveler about interrelationships & physiology of organisms & their environment • Physiology: The physical make-up/biology of the organisms • Interrelationships: The connections between the animals and the environment (biotic and abiotic) • Sustainable Tourism • Sustainable Tourism: Responsible to the environment • Responsible Tourism
Ecotourism is often about Sustainability Sustainability: Ensuring that you do not use more than can be replaced, that you take care of the resources for future use. • For example: • If you use more trees than can be grown to replace the ones you use, you will soon run out of trees. This is NOT sustainable. • If you make sure that all trees that you cut down are replaced by growing trees, then you will not run out of trees. This IS sustainable.
Ecotourism cont’d • Greenwashing– too many tour operators and suppliers using ecotourism to encourage clients yet NOT doing anything to ensure they are being responsible to our ecosystems • White washing: To cover things up (hiding the dirt)
Ecotourism cont’d • Tourism supplier & consumer responsibilities: • Minimizing negative economic & environmental impacts • Generating greater economic benefits for locals • Improving working conditions • Involving locals in decisions that affect their lives • Providing meaningful connections with local culture for tourists • Providing access for physically challenged people
The Ecotourism Market Segment • Ecotourists tend to be more mature, have post-secondary education, prefer longer trips and are often willing to pay more for this type of tourism • Growing areas of interest: cultural and heritage tourism
TOURISM’S IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT • In some ways, Tourism is viewed as a “user” and “abuser” of the environment • We need to limit harm to the environment There are 2 viewpoints : • Tourism provides an incentive for the restoration of sites and for the conservation of natural resources • Tourism means overcrowding, pollution and maybe even extinction of animal life and vegetation
Tourism’s Impact cont’d • Carrying capacity – the maximum # of people who can use a site with only acceptable alteration to the physical environment and only acceptable decline in the quality of the experience for future visitorS
Tourism’s Impact on the Natural Environment • Vegetation • More people cause damage to plants, trees, wood, etc. • Water quality • When people use the water, the city has to make sure its clean through water filter systems • Wildlife • Animal bridges and tunnels for animals • Coastlines • Hotels taking over beaches, Creation of new beaches, changes too much • Mountains • Mt. Everest has a really bad garbage problem, no garbage pick-up systems • Deserts • Deserts are growing due to trees being cut down (Desertification)
Balancing The Negative Environmental Impact • Dealing with climate warming seriously • Reducing carbon dioxide released into the air • Fuel efficient, non-carbon-producing methods of energy
Canada’s Green Plan • It is hoped that at least 12% of Canada’s lands become protected spaces • Environmental considerations must be a priority • Canadians must be educated about conservation • Green Committees in Hotels • They want to mandate Committees in Hotels to make sure that they are environmental stewards • Dangers of Green Plan: Although the size of Canada is big enough to find the 12% of land, they have to make sure that the land they chose is valuable and worth protecting
Terms to be covered • outdoor recreation • heritage tourism • adventure tourism • ecotourism • sustainable tourism • economic leakage • community-based tourism • hard adventure • soft adventure • outdoor education
Your Assignment • Using the words above (these words are found in the D2L shell in Introduction to Adventure and Ecotourism, create a PowerPoint quiz using hyperlinks.
1. The definition of ecotourism is: • Tourism of the environment • Playing with dolphins • Travelling to Donald Trump’s hair • Visiting the Calgary Tower
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2. What does adventure tourism include? • Visiting the play park at McDonalds. • Going on a rollercoaster. • Both soft and hard tourism. • Going to Hawaii.
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3. What is sustainable tourism? • Using more trees than can be grown to replace the ones you use. • Ensuring that you do not use more than can be replaced, that you take care of the resources for future use. • Planting seeds. • Harvesting trees for the cause of paper.
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4. What is economic leakage? • Leaking money. • When all of the foreign currency earned through tourism does not remain within the host country. • When all of the host country’s currency earned through tourism goes to foreign countries.
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5. What is the definition of community-based tourism? • Activities in the community. • Tourists in the community. • Tourism in which local residents invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. • Acting as a tour guide in your community.
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6. Which one of these are outdoor-recreation activities? • Visiting Banff and engaging in outdoor activities (such as hiking). • Jogging around a park. • All of the above. • None of the above.
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7. What is the definition of heritage tourism? • Learning about your ancestors. • Digging through an old man’s hair. • Visiting a museum. • A branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location.
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8. What is hard tourism? • Going up a rocky cliff. • A dangerous activity in the outdoors. • An activity outdoors that requires training. • All of the above.
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9. What is soft adventure? • Walking through a cotton field. • Digging through the clothing in the dryer. • An outdoor activity that takes little or no preparation. • None of the above.
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10. Which of these activities is an example of outdoor education? • Going on a tour about an ancient location. • Learning about the different types of insects that inhabit the forests. • Organized learning that takes place in the outdoors. • All of the above.
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