Final Exam review Jeopardy Showdown

1. Final Exam review Jeopardy Showdown 10th Grade Biology Mr. Sparaco

2. Goal: Assess your understanding about Ecology, Evolution and Human Anatomy

3. STANDARD 4—ECOLOGY The student will explain that stability in an ecosystem is a balance between competing effects. 4.1 Define biodiversity as the sum total of different kinds of organisms and is affected by alterations of habitats. 4.2 Analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from changes in climate, human activity, introduction of nonnative species, or changes in population size. 4.3 Explain how birth, death, immigration, and emigration influence population size in an ecosystem. 4.4 Explain how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle between abiotic resources and organic matter in the ecosystem and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration. 4.5 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers, and explain the transfer of energy through trophic levels. Describe how relationships among organisms (predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, mutualism) add to the complexity of biological communities. 4.6 Distinguish between the accommodation of an individual organism to its environment and the gradual adaptation of a lineage of organisms through genetic change.

4. STANDARD 5—EVOLUTION The student will demonstrate an understanding of biological evolution and the diversity of life. 5.1 Summarize the process of natural selection. • why natural selection acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype of an organism • why alleles that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygote and thus maintained in a gene pool • new mutations are constantly being generated in a gene pool • how natural selection determines the differential survival of groups of organisms 5.2 Explain how variation within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under changed environmental conditions. 5.3 Explain how a great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some organisms survive major changes in the environment. 5.4 Trace the relationship between environmental changes and changes in the gene pool, such as genetic drift and isolation of sub-populations.

5. STANDARD 6—HUMAN ANATOMY The student will demonstrate an understanding of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems that result in the relative stability of the internal environment of the human body, despite changes in the outside environment. 6.1 Explain how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. 6.2 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses the roles of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in sensation, thought, and response 6.3 Explain how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body. 6.4Explain the individual functions and sites of secretion of digestive enzymes (amylases, proteases, nucleases, and lipases), stomach acid, and bile salts. 6.5 Describe the homeostatic role of the kidneys in the removal of nitrogenous wastes and the role of the liver in blood detoxification and glucose balance. 6.6 Explain the cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction, including the roles of actin, myosin, Ca+2, and ATP. 6.7 Explain how hormones (including digestive, reproductive, and osmoregulatory) provide internal feedback mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level and in whole organisms 6.8 Explain the role of the skin and of antibodies in the body's response to infection. 6.9 Explain how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases. 6.10 Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body's primary defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of these infections. 6.11 Explain the roles of phagocytes, B-lymphocytes, and T-lymphocytes in the immune system

6. Tie Breaker 1 Tie Breaker 2 Final Exam Review

7. 4.1 – 4.4 Biodiversity is… Home

8. 4.1 – 4.4 Name at least 2 threats to biodiversity Home

9. 4.1 – 4.4 What is a carrying capacity? Home

10. 4.1 – 4.4 • Rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a serious pest to farmers. Rabbit populations increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant eaters. What is the most logical explanation for their increased numbers? • Rabbits have a high death rate. • There are few effective predators. • Additional rabbit species have been introduced. • There is an increase in rabbit competitors. Home

11. 4.1 – 4.4 • Which of the following processes allows the cells of an organism to use carbon from the environment? • mitosis • fertilization • transpiration • Photosynthesis Home

12. 4.1 – 4.4 • What 2 advancements caused the human population to increase exponentially since the early 1900’s? Home

13. 4.1 – 4.4 • Describe the carbon cycle: Key words: respiration and photosynthesis Home

14. 4.1 – 4.4 Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the • herbivores. • water. • vegetation. • atmosphere. Home

15. 4.1 – 4.4 • Based on the graph, which of the following is a possible explanation for the stabilization of the caribou population? • an equal number of deaths and births • an unequal number of deaths and births • an equal number of immigrants and births • an unequal number of immigrants and deaths Home

16. 4.1 – 4.4 • If several species of Producers are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be (4.3) • A decrease in the number of abiotic factors • An increase in the kinds of autotrophs • A decrease in stability among populations • An increase in the rate of succession Home

17. 4.5 - 4.6 • If additional wrens are introduced into this ecosystem, there will most likely be an immediate decrease in the • frog population. • snake population. • falcon population. • grasshopper population. Home

18. 4.5 - 4.6 In what direction does the impulse travel in a neuron? Home

19. 4.5 - 4.6 • For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would have the most severe consequences? • a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought • the poaching of predatory hawks by game hunters • the introduction of a second predator that eats field mice • a parasitic infestation that reduces the cricket population Home

20. 4.5 - 4.6 • Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid? • giant squids • sand sharks • sea cucumbers • green algae Home

21. 4.5 - 4.6 What is the purpose of the arrows? Or asked another way, why does the amount of energy decrease toward the top? Home

22. 4.5 - 4.6 What type of relationship is this? Support your answer. Home

23. 4.5 - 4.6 • Fungi are an important part of a terrestrial ecosystem because they • store energy • bond oxygen to sulfur. • function as producers • recycle organic matter. Home

24. 4.5 - 4.6 What type of relationship is this? Support your answer. Home

25. 4.5- 4.6 What would happen if all the krill we’re destroyed in an oil spill? Home

26. 4.5 - 4.6 • In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides? • The Spirogyra population will probably die. • The bluegill population will probably increase. • The Daphnia population will eat something else. • The smallmouth bass population will die. Home

27. 5.1 • A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of • the evolution of a new species. • natural selection. • artificial selection. • adaptive radiation. Home

28. 5.1 • How is natural selection in the evolution of long necks in giraffes best explained? • Shorter-necked giraffes were killed by long-necked giraffes. • Giraffe necks grew longer because of the bone structure of the animals. • Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment. • Long-necked giraffes mated only with other long-necked giraffes. Home

29. 5.1 • Which of these best illustrates natural selection? • An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully. • A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate. • A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes. • The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities. Home

30. 5.1 • Which of the following explains why natural selection acts on the phenotype of an organism instead of its genotype? • Phenotypes directly influence the interaction of an organism with its environment. • Genotypes do not change except by the process of transcription. • Genotypes change in direct response to habitat changes. • Phenotypes can be inherited by offspring. Home

31. 5.1 Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called a(n): • adaptation • characteristic • competition • vestigial structure Home

32. 5.1 The finches on the Galapagos island were similar in form except for variations of their beaks. Darwin observed that these variations were useful for: • attracting a mat • defending territory • building nests • gathering food Home

33. 5.1 Which of the following is most characteristic of a dominant gene? • It masks the effects of other alleles • Its effects are masked by other alleles • It always produces only one phenotypic effect • It is always the most prevalent in the gene pool Home

34. 5.1 Darwin believed that evolution occurred: • in quick, random bursts of new species • gradually over long periods of time as variations were retained through successive generations • only in birds • gradually, after all the weak members of populations were eliminated Home

35. 5.1 Natural selection: • only applies to humans. • always eliminates organisms which are physically weaker. • works on variation that is passed from parent to offspring by a kind of "blending" effect. • none of the above. Home

36. 5.1 Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection states that _____ who are better suited to their particular environment will be more likely to reproduce successfully. • Packs • individuals • populations • species Home

37. 5.2 - 5.4 Blood proteins in horses are chemically similar to blood proteins in monkeys. This similarity suggests that horses and monkeys  • can interbreed  • evolved at the same time  • live in the same habitat  • have a common ancestor Home

38. 5.2 - 5.4 The diagram represents a species of bee that helps one type of orchid plant reproduce by carrying pollen on structure X from one orchid flower to another. Pollination by this species of Bee is the only way the orchid can reproduce. If this bee species dies out, this orchid species would most likely cease to exist find another animal to carry the pollen flower at a different time of year develop another way to reproduce Home

39. 5.2 - 5.4 • If an ecosystem is changed through a natural disaster, organisms will have the best chance of survival if • their environment has few abiotic factors • the organisms are physically strong • humans help by artificial selection • their species exhibits genetic variation Home

40. 5.2 - 5.4 • Which statement concerning this pattern of evolution is correct? • Evolution always results in favorable traits. • Evolution does not always result in a species that will survive to present time. • Evolution leads to less complex organisms. • Evolution results in the same changes in all species. Home

41. 5.2 - 5.4 How could you explain the variation among these finches? Home

42. 5.2 - 5.4 • A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of • the evolution of a new species. • natural selection. • artificial selection. • adaptive radiation. Home

43. 5.2 - 5.4 • A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The groups that survive probably have • interbred with other species. • inherited some advantageous variations. • found new places on the island to live. • been attacked by more predators. Home

44. 5.2 - 5.4 • Which of the following is a source of genetic variation within a species? • Cloning • mutation • selective breeding • natural selection Home

45. 5.2 - 5.4 • A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population? • It will accelerate the appearance of new traits. • It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits. • It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. • It will reduce genetic diversity. Home

46. 5.2 - 5.4 • A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to • higher mutation rates on one side. • low genetic diversity in the initial population. • the isolation of the two groups. • differences in reproductive rates. Home

47. 6.1– 6.3 • As a person exercises, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) • levels in the blood increase. This causes the nervous system to signal which of these systems to respond? • A digestive and immuneB immune and respiratoryC respiratory and circulatoryD circulatory and endocrine Home

48. 6.1– 6.3 • photosynthesis : oxygen as • oxygen : carbon dioxide • cellular respiration : carbondioxide • cellular respiration : oxygen • cellular respiration : enzymes Home

49. 6.1– 6.3 The PNS is composed of how many pairs of nerves? Home

50. 6.1– 6.3 The junction between two communicating neurons is called the ___________ Home