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Understanding Energy – Thermodynamics

Chapter 5. Understanding Energy – Thermodynamics. All living things must obey the laws that govern energy flow in the universe. These laws are called the Laws of Thermodynamics. To understand thermodynamics, let’s look at a few definitions……. Kinetic Energy – The energy used for motion

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Understanding Energy – Thermodynamics

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  1. Chapter 5 Understanding Energy – Thermodynamics

  2. All living things must obey the laws that govern energy flow in the universe. These laws are called the Laws of Thermodynamics. To understand thermodynamics, let’s look at a few definitions……. Kinetic Energy – The energy used for motion Potential Energy – Stored energy

  3. Kinetic Energy – The energy used for motion Potential Energy – Stored energy

  4. Endergonic –

  5. Exergonic -

  6. First Law of Thermodynamics Energy is neither created or destroyed, it just changes forms. ***************************************************************** Think of your car….. gasoline is burned to move the car as the car moves, energy is lost as friction, sound, and heat. No energy transfer is ever 100% efficient!!!

  7. Second Law of Thermodynamics Energy conversions reduce the order of the universe – an increase in entropy Entropy is a measure of disorder.

  8. Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism

  9. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate This is the energy currency of the cell!

  10. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate This is the energy currency of the cell!

  11. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate The Cycle of ATP and ADP These are phosphates – PO4-

  12. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate The Cycle of ATP and ADP This bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate stores a lot of energy!

  13. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate The Cycle of ATP and ADP This bond is reformed in the mitochondria.

  14. Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Enzymes can speed reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction

  15. Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Enzymes are often proteins They have a very specific shape They lower activation energy Enzymes are sensitive to pH and Temperature Enzymes are regenerated at the end of the reaction Enzyme Substrate

  16. Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Active Site Enzyme Substrate

  17. Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Enzymes provide a surface for chemical reactions

  18. Enzymes and Chemical Reactions

  19. Enzymes and Chemical Reactions A Competitive Inhibitor binds to the active site so the substrate cannot bind. The reaction slows or stops.

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