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Violence Prevention A CARICOM Developmental Imperative Izben C Williams, MD MPH

Violence Prevention A CARICOM Developmental Imperative Izben C Williams, MD MPH. Report of Caribbean Commission. Caribbean Commission on Health and Development (2005) identified three health issues with significant ramifications for development if not specifically addressed HIV / AIDS

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Violence Prevention A CARICOM Developmental Imperative Izben C Williams, MD MPH

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  1. Violence Prevention A CARICOM Developmental ImperativeIzben C Williams, MD MPH

  2. Report of Caribbean Commission • Caribbean Commission on Health and • Development (2005) identified three health issues with significant ramifications for development if not specifically addressed • HIV / AIDS • Chronic Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) • Violence and Injuries

  3. Actions consequent from report • 1. Pan Caribbean Partnership against HIV and AIDS (PANCAP) • 2. UN Resolution April 2010 and Global Summit October 2011 on NCDs • 3. On Violence Prevention Regional coordinated action lagging (needs impetus)

  4. The Situation (WB/UNODC 2007)

  5. The Situation in seven selected

  6. The Situation • Canada (Hemispheric Low: 1.8 X 104)

  7. The Situation I • Barbados (Caribbean low: 7.5 / 104)

  8. The Situation II • Guyana (15.3 / 104)

  9. The Situation III • St. Lucia (23.0 X 104)

  10. The Situation IV • St. Vincent and the Grenadines (54.8 X 104 )

  11. The Situation - V • Trinidad & Tobago (38 X 104 )

  12. The Situation - VI • St. Kitts and Nevis (54.8 X 104)

  13. The Situation VII • Jamaica (62.4 X 104)

  14. Youth Violence • 75% of homicides committed by youth under 30 years of age - Jamaica)

  15. Hemispheric Rankings I • Homicide rate <10/100,000

  16. Hemispheric Rankings I • Homicide rate 10-20/100,000

  17. Hemispheric Rankings I • Homicide rate 20-30/100,000

  18. Hemispheric Rankings I • Homicide rate >30/100,000

  19. Homicides - fraction of the tip • Homicides are symptomatic of a larger problem – an epidemic of violent behavior • For every homicide there are 20-40 violence-related injuries requiring emergency medical care • For every emergency medical intervention there substantial unreported or hidden incidents (particularly among vulnerable populations)

  20. The costs of violence and crime • Violence exacts human and economic toll on nations • Personal health and insecurity (physical, psychological and social) • Economic: • GDP per capita ↓5.4% due to homicides (Jamaica, Haiti) [UNODC] • Direct prevention costs (police, justice, prison etc) • Non-monetary costs (mortality, morbidity etc) • Economic and social multiplier effects

  21. VIOLENCE IS PREVENTABLE (THE PUBLIC HEALTH MODEL) • Defining and monitoring the extent of the problem • Identifying the causes of the problem • Formulating and testing ways of dealing with the problem • Applying widely the measures that are found to work • Evaluating interventions

  22. Benefits of inter-sectoral action • Collective impact of inter-linkages • Improving effectiveness of interventions • Avoiding duplication of efforts • Increasing available resources through pooling • Collaboration on and coordination of research

  23. ROLE OF OAS-SMS • Currently secretariat for IACPV • SMS particularly Dept of Public Security providing leadership (Observatory etc) • Other Secretariats and Departments addressing one or more risk factors • Many mandates, resolutions, new impetus • Member States strong interest (themes of GA)

  24. TEN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION • Create National Violence-Prevention Action Plans • Enhance data-collecting capacity • Support prevention research (prioritizing) • Promote primary prevention responses • Strengthen responses for victims of violence

  25. TEN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION • Integrate violence prevention into social and educational policies • Increase collaboration and information exchange • Promote and protect human rights • Develop practical drug and arms policy • Establish effective regional and national coordination WHO Report

  26. VIOLENCE IS PREVENTABLE • BY: • Developing safe stable and nuturing relationships between children and their parents • Developing life skills, in children and adolescents • Reducing the availability and harmful use of alcohol

  27. VIOLENCE ISSPREVENTABLE • BY: • Reducing access to guns, knives and pesticides (or other self harm agents) • Promoting gender equality to prevent violence against women • Changing social and cultural norms that support violence • Victim identification, care and support programs

  28. Colombia – evidence in results • A 30% serial decline in homicide rates over six years with an integrated, multi-sectoral approach (and Plan Colombia)

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