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Police Reforms in Pakistan

Police Reforms in Pakistan. Mukhtar Ahmad Ali Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives, Pakistan. Background: Why Police Reforms?. Deteriorating public safety situation Widespread corruption Human rights violations Political victimization Weak accountability

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Police Reforms in Pakistan

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  1. Police Reforms in Pakistan Mukhtar Ahmad Ali Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives, Pakistan

  2. Background: Why Police Reforms? • Deteriorating public safety situation • Widespread corruption • Human rights violations • Political victimization • Weak accountability • Inadequate availability of resources • Inefficient utilization of resources • Outdated legal and institutional framework

  3. Political Context • Growing Demand • From within police • Civil society pressure • Serious Law and Order Challenges • Balochistan • NWFP • Increased International Interest • ADB support for access to Justice project • Support for counter-terrorism • Military Govt.’s Struggle for Legitimacy

  4. New Legal Framework • Office of Deputy Commissioner Abolished • Local Government Ordinance 2001 • Police Order 2002

  5. Local Government Ordinance 2001 • Powers and Responsibilities Devolved to: • District governments – (Distt. Nazim) • Tehsil/ Town Municipal Administration (Tehsil/ Town Nazim) • Union Administration (Union Nazim) • Role of District Nazim in Law and Order • Union Public Safety Committees (UPSCs)

  6. Police Order 2002 (I) • Goal – a professional, service oriented and democratically accountable police service • Duties and Responsibilities Clearly Defined • Public Oversight Bodies Established • National Public Safety Commission • Provincial Public Safety & Police Complaints Commission • District Public Safety and Police Complaints Commission

  7. Police Order 2002 (II) • Mechanisms aimed at Insulating Police Service against Political Interference • Separation of Investigation from Watch & Ward • Role of District Govt. vis-à-vis Police: • Watch and ward/ law and order • Distt. Nazim writes a part of the ‘performance evaluation’ report of Distt. Police Officer • Distt. Council elects one-third members for District Public Safety and Police Complaints Commission • Oversight by Union Public Safety Committees • Annual Policing Plan

  8. Implementation Challenges (I) • Public Safety Commissions not Functional or Effective • Delayed establishment • Non-cooperative police officers • Limited capacity • Limited public trust • Separation of Investigation from Watch & Ward • Resistance by Distt. Police Officers • Rivalry • Under-resourced investigation branch • People have to deal with more officers

  9. Implementation Challenges (II) • Political Interference/ Autonomy • CM’s interference in appointments/ transfers • No security of tenure • Weak performance evaluation systems/ annual policing plans

  10. Causes of Weak/ Slow Implementation • Lack of Ownership by Provincial Governments • Demanded amendments on some aspects • Chose not to implement others • Inter-departmental Differences or Weak Cooperation • (involving police, district management group, local govts., judiciary) • Lack of transparency/ culture of secrecy • Weak Civil Society Oversight and Engagement • Weak Parliamentary Oversight

  11. Way Forward • Ownership by political parties / provincial governments • Capacity Building of Members of Public Safety Commissions • Oversight by Parliamentary Committees • Stronger Civil Society Engagement • Transparency/ Public Information System

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