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Chapter 13 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley. Chapter 13 Objectives. Identify the three major types of unsaturated hydrocarbons – alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Name alkanes, alkynes, and substituted benzenes.
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Chapter 13Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley
Chapter 13 Objectives Identify the three major types of unsaturated hydrocarbons – alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Name alkanes, alkynes, and substituted benzenes. Recognize the difference between constitutional isomers and stereoisomers, as well as identify cis and trans isomers. Draw the products of addition reactions of alkenes.
Chapter 13 Objectives Draw the products of reactions that follow Markovnikov’s Rule. Draw the structure of polymers that are formed from alkene monomers. Draw the products of substitution reactions of benzene.
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons I. Alkenes and Alkynes • Alkenes • Alkynes
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Alkene and Alkyne Properties • What are unsaturated hydrocarbons? • Drawing Condensed Structures
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes HOW TO Name an Alkene or Alkyne Find the longest chain that contains both C atoms of the double or triple bond. Step [1] 6 C’s in longest chain 4 C’s in longest chain hexane ----> hexyne butane ----> butene
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes HOW TO Name an Alkene or Alkyne Number the carbon chain from the end that gives the multiple bond the lower number. Step [2] 2-hexyne 1-butene
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes HOW TO Name an Alkene or Alkyne Step [3] Number and name the substituents, and write the name. What is a diene?
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons D. Cycloalkenes 2 1 2 CH3 1 CH3 CH3 6 1-methylcyclopentene 1,6-dimethylcyclohexene
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons II. Stereoisomers 2-butene A. Cis/trans isomers
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons B. Stereoisomers vs. Constitutional Isomers
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons III.Reactions of Alkenes • Addition Reactions 1. Hydrogenation
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 2. Halogenation 3. Hydrohalogenation
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 4. Markovnikov’s Rule C2 is bonded to 1 H C1 is bonded to 2 H’s • C1 has more H’s, so it will bond to the H from HCl. • 2-Chloropropane is the only product formed.
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 5. Hydration this C has no H’s CH3 CH3 H2SO4 OH + H OH H H H this C has 1 H only product
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons IV. Aromatic Compounds What is a resonance hybrid?
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons A. Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 1. One substituent
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 2. Disubstituted Benzenes
ortho-xylene o-xylene 1,2-dimethylbenzene meta-xylene m-xylene 1,3-dimethylbenzene para-xylene p-xylene 1,4-dimethylbenzene 3. Polysubstituted Benzenes 4-chloro-1-ethyl-2-propylbenzene
2,5-dichloroaniline • Some common drugs that contain benzene rings are:
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons B. Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Addition NO Substitution YES
