Work Session: Regional Developments in Marine Energy March 23, 2011

1. Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center • Brian Polagye • University of Washington • Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center Work Session: Regional Developments in Marine Energy March 23, 2011

2. NNMREC Organization • Tidal and Wave Research • Technology • Environment • New Initiatives

3. National Marine Renewable Energy Centers Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) • University of Washington (tidal) • Oregon State University (wave) • National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) Southeast National Marine Renewable Energy Center (SNMREC) Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center (HINMREC) • Florida Atlantic • Ocean Current • University of Hawaii • Wave, OTEC

4. NNMREC Objectives • Develop a full range of capabilities to support wave and tidal energy development. • Center activities: • Facilitate technology commercialization, • Inform regulatory and policy decisions, • Close key gaps in understanding, and • Educate the first generation of marine renewable energy engineers and scientists.

5. Environment Acoustics Dynamic Effects Benthic Ecosystems Sediment Transport Social Fisheries/Crabbing Outreach/Engagement Existing Ocean Users Local/State Economy Technology Testing and Demonstration Site Characterization Advanced Materials Device and Array Design/Modeling Virtual Center Organization

6. NNMREC Organization • Tidal and Wave Research • Technology • Environment • New Initiatives

7. Need for National Test Sites • Lack of at-sea test facilities for marine renewable energy is a major barrier to technology innovation. • Regulatory process currently weights ad hoc testing towards environmental monitoring. • A truly integrated test facility should address technology readiness, environmental effects, and cost effectiveness. • Opportunity for US to show worldwide leadership • Existing worldwide facilities only partially meet requirements. • Existing worldwide facilities are at resource and geographic extremes.

8. Wave Testing Plans • Model Validation at OSU Facilities • 20kW Wave Energy Linear Test Bed (WESRF), 2m stroke • Tank Testing in Regular and Irregular Waves (HWRL) • Scale Testing 1:35-100, TRL: 4 - 6 • Tsunami Wave Basin 49 m x 26.5 m x 2.1 m (Existing) • Small-scale Device Testing at OSU Facilities • 2-D flume with regular waves: 0-1m in 3m water depth • 3-D tank with irregular waves: 0-0.5m in 1.5m water depth • Scale Testing 1:15-50, TRL: 4 - 6 (Existing) Long Wave Fume 104 m x 3.7 m x 4.6 m Columbia Power Technology 1:15 scale • Field Testing (Intermediate Scale) • Yaquina Bay, OR: Wind Waves: 0-0.2m in 7.6m water depth • Puget Sound, WA: Wind Waves: 0-1m in 16m water depth • Scale Testing 1:5-10, TRL: 6 - 8 (Existing) • Open Ocean Device Testing & Demonstration • 1 MW Mobile Ocean Test Berth (MOTB) • Newport, Oregon: Water depth 40-50m • Full Scale Testing, TRL: 7 - 9 • 2008 Open Ocean Buoy Test – Newport, OR (Future)

9. Wave Mobile Ocean Test Berth (MOTB) Phase 1 (underway) • Developed prototype testing equipment for 2007 & 2008 tests • Permitted open-ocean test site • Intermediate-scale testing (TRL 4-6) Phase 2 • Cable to shore-based infrastructure (non-grid connected) • Two device berths (TRL 7-8) Phase 3 • Grid interconnection • Two device berths (TRL 7-9)

10. National Tidal Energy Platform • Energetic tidal resource,buta smoother transition from lab to field • Capability to test a range of device scales and technology readiness levels • Close proximity to electrical grid • Close proximity to maritime operation and manufacturing capabilities • Outside of vessel traffic lanes • Does not conflict with pilot or commercial deployment plans Snohomish PUD Project Everett Potential Site Seattle

11. Infrastructure Concept Monitoring Node Test Berth • Intermediate to full-scale testing at a single location (TRL 7-9) • Cabled to shore and grid connected • Environmental and performance monitoring nodes Berth B (30m) Water Depth (m) Berth A (20 m) Berth C (50 m)

12. Advanced Materials Testing Corrosion Foul Release Coatings Composite Aging Biofouling

13. High Resolution Device Modeling Array Optimization Pressure Fluctuations Turbine-Wake Interactions

14. High Resolution Site Modeling Asymmetric Device Selection and Siting Departure from Bi-directional Flow Bidirectional

15. NNMREC Organization • Tidal and Wave Research • Technology • Environment • New Initiatives

16. Environmental Monitoring Motivation • Site-specific information is needed by multiple parties: Site Developers Optimal siting Device Developers Design loads Regulatory Agencies Environmental context • Existing information is insufficient • Approaches to close knowledge gaps are underdeveloped

17. Monitoring Platforms Shipboard Survey R/V Jack Robertson Land Observation AIS Ship Tracks Seabed Instrumentation Sea Spider Tripod

18. Sea Spider Instrumentation Packages Harbor Porpoise Presence Specialized Hydrophones Ambient Noise Hydrophones Fish Species Tag Receiver Graduate Student Water Quality Water Sampler WA Dept. of Ecology partnership Current Velocity Doppler profiler

19. Snohomish PUD Partnership Instrumentation Deployments: April ‘09-Present Applied Research Methodology Development Methodology Implementation Site Data

20. Establishing Context Overnight Lull in Shipping Strong Currents First Run for Passenger Ferry Automatic Identification System Recording Hydrophone Doppler Profiler

21. Evaluating Environmental Effects Recording Hydrophone Estimated Stress CPod Potential for Behavioral Change Automatic Identification System Species Behavior Estimated Environmental Effect Doppler Profiler Data Synthesis and Analysis Data Collection

22. Developing Capabilities Southern Resident Killer Whale Detection July 5, 2010 at 0350 (Lime Kiln State Park) High Definition Camera Infrared Camera

23. NNMREC Organization • Tidal and Wave Research • Technology • Environment • New Initiatives

24. Tidal Micropower • Oceanographic measurements are fundamentally power limited • Integrated energy harvesting could provide 10-20 W continuous power • Modular alternative to cabled observatories Support Frame Helical Turbine Generator

25. Rivers and Constructed Channels • Potential for power generation from in-stream turbines installed in the fast-moving waters downstream from Columbia River dams • Incremental environmental impact should be very small • In-stream turbines for flow control and power generation as potential alternative for energy-dissipating sluice gates

26. Deep Water Offshore Wind • WA and OR: 300 GW resource • Floating platform technology required for deep water • Platforms can be built and systems assembled in WA and OR UW and OSU PIs currently responding two 2 major funding announcements by US DOE • PPI currently installing full-scale demo unit off Portugal • Initial study on environmental impacts and permit streamlining for PPI Wind-Wave Float technology completed by UW-NNMREC

27. Conclusions • Marine energy Centers are developing capabilities to move technology from concept to commercialization. • Need for broad and sustained partnerships between Centers, industry, and public stakeholders. • Opportunity for universities to solve challenges and to train the first generation of marine energy engineers.