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Ordered to Care Chapter 7 Professionalism and its Discontents

Ordered to Care Chapter 7 Professionalism and its Discontents. Angela Bridges Wendy DuBose BEF 644 Fall 2012. Introduction. Trained Nurse and Hospital Review (1889) Discussed need for national organization for nursing Intent was to: Limit number of nurses

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Ordered to Care Chapter 7 Professionalism and its Discontents

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  1. Ordered to Care Chapter 7 Professionalism and its Discontents Angela Bridges Wendy DuBose BEF 644 Fall 2012

  2. Introduction • Trained Nurse and Hospital Review (1889) • Discussed need for national organization for nursing • Intent was to: • Limit number of nurses • Standardize education requirements • Increase education requirements

  3. Obstacles for Reform • Womanly character vs “unladylike” conduct • Service oriented work ethic vs self-interest • Wages vs commercialism • Female vs Male gender • Admission standards • Exploitation of nursing students • Criterion for education • Lack of public buy-in for educating nurses • Alienation from working nurses

  4. Professional Reformation 1893 Isabel Hampton Robb • Instrumental in founding the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools (ASSTS)-known today as the National League of Nursing Education (NLNE) • ASSTS drafted and approved bylaws that set standards for admission into nursing schools

  5. History of Nursing Reformation • 1897- Funds collected for official nursing journal (American Journal of Nursing) • 1889-proposition for organization called the American Nurses Association (ANA) • State Board examinations On left from top, clockwise: Lillian Wald, Lavinia Dock, & Adelaide Nutting

  6. Hostility and Indifferencein the Public Realm • Environment changing • Nursing education/training more accepted in medicine • Growing hostility from administrators and physicians • Dr. Catlin • Endowed home for nurses • Training by physicians • Fees determined by physicians

  7. Nursing: Ununited • Worker-Nurse Perspective • Concern with wages, working conditions, practical skills, independence • Resisted professionalization through registration and educational reform • Selection of nurses through character • Some adept in skills, modifying hospital techniques • Some inadequate based on training. “Where there is one nurse with a missionary spirit,….there are forty-nine others who are obliged to make the humiliating confession: I am a nurse because I must earn a living for myself and those dependent on me, because my nursing is well paid, honorable and to me is interesting.” Trained Nurse (1888)

  8. Traditionalists versus Rationalizers Annette Fiske-private duty nurse and educator Charlotte Aikens-nurse and hospital superintendent Character/service; not education Raise nursing standards through organizational power Provide hospitals with cheap labor Proposed grading/classification of nurses. • Character/service; not education • Private duty most important • Attacked elitism of leadership • Objected to routinization • Recognized problems-no solutions

  9. References: Reverby, S. M. (1987). Ordered to care: The dilemma of American nursing, 1850-1945. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press

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