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Early Byzantine. Tile Icon of St. Nicholas Constantinople 10th-11th century Characteristics: No background Flat faced. Icon of Christ Russian, Moscow Tempera on wood and gilded silver. Middle Ages. saints in paintings wore halos around their heads
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Early Byzantine Tile Icon of St. Nicholas Constantinople 10th-11th century Characteristics: No background Flat faced
Icon of Christ Russian, Moscow Tempera on wood and gilded silver
Middle Ages • saints in paintings wore halos around their heads • hieratic scale: representing the sizes of things according to their importance, rather than how they would appear in the real world • saints or members of the family of God larger in scale than ordinary or less important figures
The Art of the Italian Renaissance The act of painting would no longer be to glorify God, as it had been in Medieval Europe. Painting in the Renaissance related instead, to those people looking at the painting.
What was different in the Renaissance? Realism Perspective Classical (pagan) themes Geometrical arrangement of figures Light and shadowing (chiaroscuro) Softening of edges (sfumato) Backgrounds Artist able to live from commissions
Art and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art. Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values. Italian banking & international trade interests had the money. Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds. Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!
1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times.
2. Perspective The Trinity Masaccio 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.
Discovery of Perspective: About 1420 Attributed to Brunelleschi Perspective produced a greater sense of realism All made possible through mathematics.
3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance Birth of Venus Botticelli 1482–1486 The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” 1st C
4. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture! The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Sfumato: gradual blending of one area of color into another without a sharp outline Chiaroscuro: use of light and shade Ginevra de' Benci, a young Florentine noblewoman who, at the age of sixteen, married Luigi Niccolini in 1474.
7. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities Giorgio Vasari 1550 Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, andArchitects Biographies of Italian artists
Giotto di Bondone Considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance 1267-1337
Giotto di Bondone Figures seem to exist in real space with recognizable human emotions. The camels: have blue eyes, ears like a donkey and feet like a cow. Had Giotto ever seen a camel in real life? Is the star Halley’s Comet which appeared in 1301? The Adoration Of The Magi 1304-06
A Contest to Decorate the Baptistry in 1401 Sacrifice of Isaac Panels Ghiberti Brunelleschi
Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise Ghiberti wins. Made: 1425-1452 Michelangelo coins them the Gates of Paradise
Sculpture David by Donatello 1430 First free-standing bronze since Roman times The statue originally belonged to Cosimo de' Medici, and was placed in the courtyard of the Palazzo Medici
15c Whatadifferenceacenturymakes! 16c
The Renaissance Man Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
Self-Portrait da Vinci, 1512 Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor 1452 - 1519
Vitruvian Man Leonardo da Vinci 1492
RefractoryConvent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan 15 feet × 29 ft
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 vertical horizontal Perspective!
Deterioration Detail of Jesus New technique that resulted in rapid deterioration
Apostles First time Judas was painted as one of the twelve
Mona Lisa Da Vinci 1503 Oil Poplar panel da Vinci carries it with him and the painting is next to him when he dies in France in 1519
Botticelli The Birth of Venus It depicts the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore1482–1486
Michelangelo Buonorrati 1475 – 1564 Born near Florence Adopted by Medici family He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.
David 1504 Marble Heroic Intense
High Renaissance1500-1525 Associated with these three artists: da Vinci - Milan Raphael - Rome Michelangelo - Rome
The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo 1508-1512 About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512
Raphael Perspective Subjects are mainly secular, but can be religious Figures look idealized, but can also look like everyday ordinary people Bodies are active Clothed or unclothed Faces are expressive Detail The School of Athens 1510 Fresco Vatican City
Plato:looks to the heavens -or the IDEALrealm. Painted as da Vinci Aristotle:looks to thisearth-thehere andnow
Marriage in the Renaissance Marriage vows were often treated like business contracts-carefully arranged marriage to strengthen business or family ties A dowry-a bride’s family's gift to the bridegroom A woman was expected to become a part of her new husband’s family Raphael Marriage of the Virgin-1529
Lorenzo the Magnificent Cosimo de Medici 1478 - 1521 1517 - 1574
Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel The Medici Palace
Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital Florence Rome London Washington
