Introduction to Latex Workshop

1. Introduction to LatexWorkshop November 2006 California State University Northridge Jennifer Wright

2. Why use Latex? • Compared to WYSIWYG • Superior typographical quality • Output device independent • Portability • Document longevity • Macros and other programmatic features • Mathematical typesetting

3. Drawbacks of Latex • More moving parts • Difficult to remember commands • Preview delay • Syntax errors • Adding new font

4. What if I wanted to type this in my document or Maybe a schematic Or a Lemma

5. Preamble Body Basics • Two minimum parts needed for a .tex document • Preamble • Global commands and page layout • Body • Everything else • Example • \documentclass{article} • \begin{document} • \end{document}

6. First .tex Document • Start editor • TeXnicCenter • Type • Save • E Drive, somename • Run –Build, current • Latex => PS => PDF • View – pdf, dvi, ps • \documentclass{article} • \begin{document} • Type something in the body of the document. • \end{document}

7. The Preamble Some basics in the Preamble

8. Commonly used Document Classesdocumentclass for layout and sectioning • Article: Ideal for a short paper (divided into sections, subsections, etc). Typeset to be printed double-sided. • Book: Class to be used to typeset a book (chapters, sections, etc). Typeset to be printed double-sided. • Report: (Almost) identical to the book class but for single-sided printing. • Other classes include letter, slides, beamer, etc.

9. Document Class Options Example: • \documentclass[12pt, twoside, fleqn}{article} • %Quick comment - anything after % doesn’t show-up in final document • Default - 10pt, one sided, centered equations • -Order of options is unimportant

10. Packages \usepackage{package} Packages – a set of LaTex commands stored in a file with extension .sty • Two packages and their usage – there are hundreds!! : • amsmath • Adds a variety of typesetting for math beyond basic LaTex • Added fonts – provides hundreds of symbols • graphicsx • Allows basic import of graph pictures \usepackage{amscd, amsmath, amsthm, amssymb} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}

11. Page Formatting in Preamble • \pageheight, \pagewidth - Height and width of the page to create (i.e. size of paper you'd print on). • \topmargin - Margin at top of page above all printing. Add 1 inch (so that, for example, setting \topmargin to 0.25in would produce a top margin of 1.25 inches). • \evensidemargin - Left margin on even numbered pages. Add 1 inch (as with \topmargin). • \oddsidemargin - Left margin on odd numbered pages. Add 1 inch (as with \topmargin). • \headheight - Height of the header (the header is text that appears atop all pages). • \headsep - Distance from bottom of header to the body of text on a page. • \topskip - Distance from top of main text box to the baseline of the first line of text in the main text box. • \textheight, \textwidth - Height and width of main text box. • \footskip - Distance from bottom of body to the bottom of the footer (the footer is the text at the bottom of each page). • \parskip - Distance between paragraphs. • \parindent - Amount of indentation at the first line of a paragraph.

13. Example Preamble \documentclass{article} \pagestyle{empty} % this is mostly for headers and footers %options: empty, plain, headings, myheadings \topmargin= -0.25in %plus 1inch \oddsidemargin= -0.25in %plus 1inch \evensidemargin= -0.25in %plus 1inch \textheight=9in \textwidth=6.5in \parindent= -.5in %paragraph indent %\noindent, \indent \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \begin{document} Testing different styles of page set-up \end{document}

14. The Body! Anatomy of Article Class

15. Title Page Option – Top Matter \documentclass[titlepage]{article} \begin{document} \title{How to Start a Latex File – or whatever you want to call you paper} \author{Your Name\\ School CSUN\\ Northridge\\} \date{\today} \maketitle this is a test \end{document} [titlepage] option creates a separate page for the title The \\ double backslashes indicate a new line \date{you can put anything here} \maketitle, to create the title page

16. Adding the Abstract: \begin{abstract} This abstract is just 6 words long \end{abstract}

17. Equation Display Math equations in a sentence using $ $ My first integral: $ \int x^2 dx $ Math equations independent using \[ \] or $$ $$ My first integral: \[ \int x^2 dx \] Some Others: \begin{math} x^2 \end{math} \begin{displaymath} some ~ math ~ thing \end{displaymath} \begin{equation} equation ~ is ~ numbered \end{equation} \begin{eqnarray} spaces ~ aren’t ~ noticed \end{eqnarray}

18. Spacing in Math Modeas well as regular mode $$ \begin{aligned} x+y \\ x+\,y \\ x+~ y \\ x+\:y \\ x+\;y\\ x+\quad y\\ x+\qquad y \\ x+\!y \\ \end{aligned} $$

19. Example Section and Subsections \section{1st Section}This is the first section. $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ \subsection{1st Subsection}First subsection. \[ \sqrt{4}=2 \] \paragraph{Paragraph} A notable paragraph, maybe. \subparagraph{Subparagraph}Notable, maybe not. \section{2nd Section} \subsection{ 2nd Subsection}

20. Adding a Bibliography: Try this \cite{test} reference. %put this in the body \begin{thebibliography}{9} %put this at the end of the document before it ends \bibitem{test} Jens test, Latex Workshop, November 2006. \end{thebibliography}

21. Formatting the Body

22. I Need Some Space! \begin{document}This is a sample to illustrates how \LaTeX\ treats space.\end{document} What happens? Basically, all the spacing is ignored, except new paragraph indent \hspace – horizontal spacing of your choice \vspace – vertical spacing of your choice, need line space after command I \hspace{2in} like \hspace{1in} space.\vspace{.5in} In every direction. I\hfill like a lot of\hfill space.\vfillIn every direction. \hfil – uses as much horizontal space as possible on the page \vfil – uses as much vertical space Using \\ forces a line beak \\[10cm] Use ~ stops from being broken across lines and adds a space. Ex: Prof.~Horn \\ ~ \newline There are more space options

23. Font Size and Style Exercise in size: When I was born, I was {\tiny tiny}. When I got older, I thought some day I would be {\Huge huge}. But instead, {\small I'm still small.} From smallest to largest Styles \tiny \scriptsize\footnotesize \small\normalsize \large\Large \LARGE\huge \Huge \emph{text} – italicizes the text \textbf{text} – bold face \underline{text} - underline \textsl{text} – slant - And on and on Exercise in style: When something is \emph{really}, \textbf{really} important, you can \underline{underline it}. If you \underline{\textbf{\emph{must do all three}}}, then you can nest them.

24. Justification - Centering, etc. \begin{flushleft} I feel skewed\end{flushleft} \begin{flushright} I feel off center \end{flushright} We can center text using - \begin{center} I’m Well Balanced\end{center} We can justify it left or right with -

25. Itemize list If I want a list with numbers \begin{enumerate} \item $b\in B$ \item $2^{\alpha}$ \end{enumerate} If I want a list with bullets \begin{itemize} \item $\int_3^{t}xdx$ \item $\sum_{i=0}^n i$ \end{itemize} If I want a list with titles of my choice \begin{description} \item[1st option] $\frac{1}{2}$ \item[2nd option] $\sqrt{\pi}$ \end{description}

26. So, How Do I Make This? The Math

27. Simply Math Formulas $\sqrt{x}$ $x^2$ $\sqrt[6]{n+3}$ $x_2$ $\frac{x^2}{y}$ $x^{n+2}$ $x_{n+2}$ $\int^t_0 xdx$ $x_{n+2}^{n+2}$ $\int xdx$ $ \sum_{n=0}^\infty n$

28. \begin{equation} I(z) = \sim (\frac{\pi}{2} z^2 ) \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n \pi^{2n}}{1 \cdot 3 \cdots (4n+1) } z^{4n+1}-\cos(\frac{\pi}{2} z^2) \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n \pi^{2n+1}}{1\cdot 2 \cdots (4n+1)}z^{4n+3}\end{equation}

29. \[\sum_{p_1<p_2<\cdots,p_{n-k}}^{(1,2,\ldots,n)}\Delta_{\begin{array}{l}p_1p_2\cdots p_{n-k}\\p_1p_2\cdots p_{n-k}\end{array}} \sum_{q_1<q_2<\cdots q_k}\left |\begin{array}{llcl}a_{q_1q_1} &a_{q_1q_2} & \cdots & a_{q_1q_k}\\ a_{q_2q_1} &a_{q_2q_2} & \cdots & a_{q_2q_k}\\ \multicolumn{4}{c}\dotfill\\ a_{q_kq_1} &a_{q_kq_2} & \cdots & a_{q_kq_k}\\ \end{array}\right| \]

30. \[\begin{CD} \mathbb{C} @>H_{1}>> \mathbb{C} @>>H_{2}>> \mathbb{C}\\ @VP_{c,3}VV @VP_{\bar{c},3}VV @VVP_{-c,3}V\\ \mathbb{C} @>H_{1}>> \mathbb{C} @>>H_{2}>> \mathbb{C}\\ \end{CD} \]

31. Theorems and Axioms \newtheorem{theorem}{Name Theorem} % type in preamble \begin{theorem}[Weierstrass] Every $\cdots$ \end{theorem} % type in body \begin{theorem}[2nd Theorem] Every $\cdots$ \end{theorem} % type in body \newtheorem{axiom}{Axiom} % type in preamble \begin{axiom}[Test]Every $\cdots$ \end{axiom} % type in body

32. \begin{lemma} Let $\Theta$ be a complete congruence relation of $D^{\langle 2 \rangle}$ such that \begin{equation}\label{E:rigid}\langle 1, d \rangle \equiv \langle 1, 1 \rangle \pmod{\Theta}, \end{equation} for some $d \in D$ with $d < 1$. Then $\Theta =\iota$. \end{lemma}