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Virus, Bacteria protista fungi (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

Virus, Bacteria protista fungi (prokaryotes, eukaryotes). Origin of Cells. No one knows for sure, thought to be ____________ Earth formed: 4.5 billion years life origin: 2.5 b.y. Viruses. Are they living organisms???? No ______________________________--.

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Virus, Bacteria protista fungi (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

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  1. Virus, Bacteria protista fungi (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

  2. Origin of Cells • No one knows for sure, thought to be ____________ • Earth formed: 4.5 billion years • life origin: 2.5 b.y.

  3. Viruses • Are they living organisms???? • No ______________________________--

  4. Common cold – attack respiratory tract Measles – skin Rabies – nerve cells Herpes virus – mouth and lips, sexual transmission AIDS – white blood cells Ebola – a hemorrhagic fever Biological Weapons These diseases are difficult to fight!!!! Antibiotics - No effect! Quick replication High mutation rate Viruses and Diseases

  5. Prokaryotes • most abundant, single cells • organized • _________________ • plasma membrane • cell wall • Types: 1. ______________ 2. archaea

  6. 1. Bacteria • Additional features : • Flagella, long strands used in ____________ • Pili, short strands used as docking cables

  7. Bacteria reproduce: ___________________ • bacteria exchange genetic information: conjugation

  8. three shapes: • Coccus: _______ • Bacillus: ______ • Spirillum: ____

  9. Bacteria-Foodborne illness • E. COLI 0157:H7 • outbreaks in US, per year: • 73,000 infections/61 deaths • infections from: • uncooked ground beef (cattle carry the pathogen in their intestines without getting sick) • contaminated dairy products • Vegetables, unpasteurized juice, petting zoos • Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, kidney failure • Prevention: _________________________-

  10. 2. Salmonella • outbreaks: • 40,000 cases/600 people die • infected by: • contaminated ground beef, pork, eggs, poultry products • improperly pasteurized dairy products • Symptoms: bloody diarrhea • Prevention: good higiene, not to eat raw eggs (even cookie dough), meat well cooked

  11. 3. Campylobacter • causing diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting • Outbreaks: • 1 million/100 people die • infections from: • raw poultry meat, 80% chickens in US carriers

  12. 2. Archaea • from prokaryotic ancestors to eukaryotes • live _____________________ • cell walls different from bacteria with unique lipids and rRNA sequences

  13. Eukaryotes • Cells with ______________ • Types: • Protista, diverse group • multicellular kingdoms: • Fungi • Plants • animals

  14. Protista • Are _______________ fungi, plants, or animals • employ almost every form of __________________________ • Reproduce: • asexually most of the time: fission and budding • sexually only in times of stress • Some survive harsh environmental conditions by forming cysts, a dormant form of cell • movement accomplished by diverse mechanisms: • Cilia • Flagella • Pseudopods • gliding mechanisms

  15. Types: • single cell: paramecium, amoeba • Aggregation, transient collection of cells: slime molds • Colonial multicellular: permanent cells in contact: algae

  16. Fungi • Similar to plants but _______chlorophyll: heterotrophs • differ from plants in: • have filamentous bodies called ________ • have cell walls made of chitin

  17. Reproduce: • asexually • Sexually • reproductive structures: • gametangiaproduce ______________- • sporangia produce haploid spores that can be dispersed

  18. Heterotrophs: _____________________________________________________ • Fungi and bacteria: principal decomposers • mutualistic associations ecologically important: • Mycorrhizae: fungi-plant • expedite the plant’s absorption of essential nutrients in the roots • Lichens: fungi-algae (cyanobacteria) • can grow in harsh habitats, such as bare rock

  19. Practice questions • Bacteria • are prokaryotic • have been on the earth for at least 2.5 billion years • are the most abundant life form on earth • All answers are correct 2. Viruses are: • protein coats that contain DNA or RNA • simple eukaryotic cells • simple prokaryotic cells • Alive

  20. 3. The main problem in classifying protists is that: • all have a common lifestyle • all are unicellular • all are photoautotrophic • any eukaryotic organism that is not plant, animal, or fungi is a protist 4. The main body of a fungus is the ________ 5. Fungi reproduce both _______ 6. Lichens are mutualistic associations between _______

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