“Lacuna’s role in the English language”

1. “Lacuna’s role in the English language” The work was made by Batayeva Altyn The teacher is Zhexenova A. S.

2. The use of English as a global language is an important trend in world communication. • Globalization is linked to English being a “lingua franca”. • English is international language in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy. • English is spoken by almost half of the population in the world.

3. The influence of the English language is growing in Russia and Kazakhstan too. It is used in many fields of social and scientific life, culture and economics. • And the problem of a great impact of the English language, and the English and American culture on the Russian and Kazakh culture is growing.

4. One can see the English signs almost everywhere; it is fashionable to name the shops, and firms by the English words. • A lot of things ( clothes, footwear, kids’ toys. copy-books, bags…) have signs on the English language.

5. It is important to study the process of borrowing the English words, and make a conclusion, if it is dangerous for the Russian and Kazakh languages. • It is necessary to study the recent changes in the Kazakh and Russian languages, connected with the English lacuna words. • It is vital to estimate the process of Globalization, and its influence on the Russian and Kazakh languages.

6. Globalization is the rapid increase in cross-border economic, social, technological exchange under conditions of capitalism. • Influences all spheres of our life: culture, business, trade, politics, environment and even our mentality. • Globalization is linked to English being a lingua franca. • The use of English as a global language is an important trend in world communication.

7. English is becoming the world language, because • It’s the first foreign language studied at all the educational institutions of Europe and in the world. • A lot of terminology words are borrowed from the English language. • The English words substitute the native terms.

8. English is

9. The factors, influencing the intensive borrowing process of the English words • Intensive information streams; • Appearing and developing the Global computer net( The Internet); • Developing international relation; • Developing of the world trade market/ economics/ information technologies; • Participating in the fashion shows, international festivals, Olympic games

10. Types of words: • Loan words proper; • Loan translation; • Calques; • Hybrids; • Exotic words; • Composite words; • Jargon words; • Foreign interjections.

11. The Influence of Mass Media on the Process of borrowing the English words • The appearing of the large number of the English loan words in the Russian and Kazakh languages can be explained by the rapid changes in Russia’s, Kazakh’s social and scientific lifes. • Mass Media play an important role as a source of new information, and new loan words.

12. The Mass Media having the most impact of the problem of English word borrowings in the Russian and Kazakh languages. • Television. • Cinema. • Internet • Newspapers. Magazines • Radio

13. The loan-words from the newspapers and magazines can be divided into following groups: • Using the English borrowings , which are already the part of the Russian language: (Situation, center, goal). • Using the English loan-words that have additional meaning: (colour, respondent, comfort.) • The words, denoting absolutely new notions: chat. (Blockbuster. Internet.) • Using mixed word-combinations ( Russian-English): (SMS новости, SPA-Отдых, Stop кадр, Sarma- лимон,Прелесть professional Fashion-экстрим.)  • Using the Latin words in writing the specifically Russian words: (Наша Kasha)

14. The English borrowings in the Internet Comedy “Hottabych”. • loan words proper – раритет, фотография, анонимность, секрет. • Hybrids-” гамать”. • Сomputer terms-программа, Интернет, компьютер,форум, сервер, монитор,системный блок, файл. • Composite words- офф-лайн, он-лайн, интернет- аукцион, робот-программа. • Jargon words- баксы( доллары), табло( лицо), ламер( некомпетентный человек). • Jargon computer words- комп, сервак( сервер), винда( Windows), • Foreign interjections: wow, Ok, yes.

15. «Геймер»- “ gamer”-игрок • «Гамовер»- “game over”-конец игры • «Левелап»- “ level up”-переход на выше уровень. • «Гамиться»- “ to game”-играть • «Гамес»- “ games”-игры • «Лузер»- “ loser”-проигравший • «Бонус»- “ bonus”-подарок • «Бот»- “ bot”-компьютерная модель-соперник • «Вин»- “ to win”-победить • «Лост»- “lost”-проигрыш • «Сэйваться»-“ to save”-сохраняться

16. The English loan words in everyday life of people. • The English language has penetrated into the life of the ordinary people because of its universality, and because of being fashionable • Most of the producers of clothes , furniture, cars, electronic equipment use only The English language. And there are a lot of signs in the English language can be seen everywhere.

17. The groups of the names of the shops, firms, institutions of the city of Barnaul, and the village of Smolenskoye. • Using the English words written in Russian: Манхэттен( пицца), Максима- фитнесс-центр Хаус( клуб) Гипермаркет , Билайн Норд-Вест, Страйк- боулинг клуб, Хелми, Компьютер-трейд; • Using the English words: Vigoss ( clothes department), Coffee, please!-( coffee shop) Cofee boom-( coffee shop) Extra( clothes shop), Royal( casino) Boss( furniture department); • Using mixed word-combinations : City- центр; • Usage of the Latin Alphabet for writing the Specific Russian words: Multik( clothes shop), Mazayka( night club).

18. The performed work helps to understand the process of globalization in the sphere of linguistics, and culture, the positive effects of Globalization: The possibility to meet new people; • To learn other cultures; • to be able to work in any place of the Earth. The negative effects are • the opportunity to lose the national language values; • to forget about the native historyin order to follow the western values

19. Conclusion • The language is self- cleaning system , and all the extra borrowed words will disappear after some time, as the history of the language tells. • But it is necessary not to follow the western fashion blindly, and to use the English borrowed words, when it is necessary.

20. The usage of the English lacunas in everyday life of people The work was made byBatayeva Altyn

21. The English language has penetrated into the life of ordinary people, because of its universality, and because of its being fashionable.

22. Most producers of clothes, furniture, cars, electronic equipment use only the English language in their work. And a lot of signs in the English language can be seen everywhere.

23. The survey of the names of the shops, firms, institutions of the cities , and the villages shows, that there is quite a large amount of them; and they can be divided into the following groups:

24. I. Using the English words written in Russian and Kazakh Манхэттен(пицца), Хаус(клуб), Гипермаркет, Билайн, Страйк-боулинг клуб, Хелми, Компьютер-трейд, Лизинг.

25. II. Using the English words Vigoss (clothes department), Coffee, please! coffee shop), Coffee boom (coffee shop), Royal (casino), Boss (Furniture department), Family (дисконт-центр).

26. III. Using mixed word-combinations City-центр, Sport- мастер.

27. IV. Usage of the Latin Alphabet for writing the Specific Russian words Multik (clothes shop); Mazayka (night club).

28. Factors,influencing the intensive borrowing process of the English words into the Russian and Kazakh languages

29. Nowadays linguists study the problems of English-Russian and Kazakh languages contacts thoroughly

30. Appearing of the large quantity of the English borrowings in the Russianand Kazakh languages can be explained by the swift changes in the scientific and social life of our country 1 Intensive information streams 2 Appearing and developing the Global computer net (The Internet) 3 Developing international relation 4 Developing of the world trade market/ economics/ information technologies 5 Participating in the fashion shows, international festivals, Olympic games

31. All these factors influence the penetrating of the English words into the Russian and Kazakh languages: 1 Business, trade and cultural connections have been intensified 2 International tourism is flourishing 3 Russian and Kazakh specialists spend some time working in the world firms of other countries 4 Joint foreign-Russian and Kazakh companies with people from other countries has increased

32. All the mentioned factors aren’t only the condition of borrowing new words, but also accustoming the Russianand Kazakh speakers to the international terminological system

33. Назарларыңызға рахмет!!!Thank you!!!