FLIP LEARNING

1. FLIP LEARNING TASK: Revise all the work on Henry’s early foreign policy in preparation for a Kahoot fact quiz! I will be taking note of your scores!!!! At the end of last lesson you were given this independent learning. Its now time to see what you have come up with. You have a few minutes now to have a quick recap of your work from last lesson before we start the quiz!

2. https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=9d302b18-6b40-45c2-b246-0cd206f5a9f5https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=9d302b18-6b40-45c2-b246-0cd206f5a9f5

3. How successful was Henry’s foreign policy in the years 1502-1509? Good learning: Understand Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Great learning: Explain Henry’s foreign policy in relation to different countries Even better: Evaluate how successful Henry’s foreign policy was with individual countries Key Word: How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?

4. What would you do in Henry’s position? We are going to play a game…You are going to be HVII, and make decisions based on the situations Henry VII faced. Let see if YOU have what it takes to deal with Tudor international relations!

5. 1502- Relations with Scotland are going better then previously, but still aren’t perfect. You signed the Treaty of Ayton in 1497. What will you do? OPTION A Sign another treaty to cement the improving relations. OPTION B Nothing, relations are good. You do not want to do anything to jeopardise this. OPTION C James IV might be willing to listen to you now. You could try to establish your dominance over Scotland now. • What did Henry do? • In 1502 Henry and James IV signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace. This ended any intermittent war between England and Scotland. They agreed on how they would administer the border between England and Scotland. This would prevent local cross-border conflict. 20 POINTS 10 POINTS 30 POINTS

6. It is 1502 and your oldest son Arthur, dies leaving behind a young bride Catherine. This puts your alliance with Spain in jeopardy. What will you do? OPTION A Arrange for Catherine to stay in England as an English princess and marry her to another foreign King later. OPTION B Suggest that Catherine marry your other son, Henry. OPTION C Keep Catherine in England and demand the Spanish pay the rest of the dowry. • What did Henry do? • With special dispensation from the Pope, Catherine was betrothed to Henry in 1503. However, it would take 6 years for them to marry. 30 POINTS 10 POINTS 20 POINTS

7. 1503 – Queen Elizabeth has died, shortly after giving birth to a daughter. Two of your three sons are already dead. You are very vulnerable, Edmund de la Pole has just moved abroad. What will you do? OPTION A Don’t remarry. OPTION B Remarry. Potential brides include Joanna of Castile and Burgundy, Margaret of Savoy and Joanna of Napes. • What did Henry do? • Henry began to consider the possibility of taking a second wife, who might be able to bear him more heirs. He seemed to consider Joanna of Castile/Burgundy, Joanna of Naples and Margaret of Savoy. His first choice appeared to be Queen Joanna of Naples. Ferdinand was keen on this idea, because he wanted to strengthen his ties with Henry as relations with France deteriorated. However, this possibility came to nothing because… 30 POINTS 20 POINTS

8. 1505 - Isabella of Castile has died. You and Ferdinand are now rivals for matrimonial stakes… There is no guarantee that Spain will stay united. Whilst Ferdinand has become Regent, Joanna’s husband Phillip (Duke of Burgundy) has ambitions to succeed himself! What will you do? OPTION A Become friendly with Phillip by opening discussions about a possible Burgundian bridge for his son, Henry. OPTION B Become friendly with Spain, by offering your military support if Phillip tries to succeed to the throne in Spain. OPTION C Do nothing, no matter which side you try to be-friend, it will result in annoying the other country • What did Henry do? • In 1505 HVII was moving towards friendly relations with Burgundy in case of possible aggression from France. He opened discussions about a possible Burgundian bride for his son, Henry. This automatically made relations with Spain worse. Ferdinand turned to France. Louis XII had felt surrounded by Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands and was ready for friendship. This was cemented in 1505 when Ferdinand married Louis XII’s niece, Germaine de Foix. 10 POINTS 20 POINTS 30 POINTS

9. 1506 – Philip of Burgundy has been caught in a storm and sought shelter in England. Phillip wants your support to fight Aragon during the succession battle What will you do? • What did Henry do? • Henry and Phillip sign the treaty of Windsor in January 1506. He recognised Philip as King of Castille, and the two rulers promised mutual defence and assistance against each other’s rebels. By a second treaty, Philip pledged to marry his sister, Margaret, now regent of the Netherlands, to Henry VII. In the April they negotiates the Malus Intercurses which gives the English merchants considerable advantages. It was decided that trade with Burgundy would be free, Philip would not impose duties on sale of English cloth. He also got the Earl of Suffolk handed over to him. OPTION A Hold him hostage and demand a ransom. OPTION B Hand him over to Aragon to make an alliance. OPTION C Negotiate a series of treaties with Phillip to strengthen your relations. 10 POINTS 30 POINTS 20 POINTS

10. 1506 - Phillip of Burgundy has died. Joanna is mad with grief and deemed unfit to rule. Ferdinand declares himself King of Castile. The heir in Burgundy is 6 year old (Archduke Charles), with Margaret of Savoy acting as Regent for her nephew. France might try to take some of Burgundy. What would you do? OPTION A Offer Burgundy military aid in case of a French invasion OPTION B Call off trade disagreements with Burgundy. Discuss marriage alliances with Burgundy/ France. OPTION C Ferdinand is now the biggest threat to other rulers. Formalise your alliance with him! • What did Henry do? • Henry thought his best hope now was friendship between England, Netherlands and France. It allowed Henry to end temporary disagreements over trade with Burgundy. There were several plans for marriage alliances involving these countries, with the intention of isolating Ferdinand in Spain. 10 POINTS 30 POINTS 20 POINTS

11. 1508- the League of Cambrai has been created. Louis XII and Ferdinand of Spain came together with Archduke Charles and the Pope in an alliance against Venice. It looks as though you have been left isolated! OPTION A Don’t do anything. Whilst you are isolated, you are not the enemy, Italy is. OPTION B Strengthen your alliance with Italy. You have been isolated, and don’t want to appear weak/withdraw from Europe altogether. OPTION C Ask to join the League, and risk your trade with Venice. Being allies with continental Europe is more important than trade with Venice. • What did Henry do? • Henry did nothing (he died soon after…). However, by not doing anything straight away, attention was taken away from England and towards Italy. 20 POINTS 30 POINTS 10 POINTS

12. Henry’s foreign policy 1502-09 Now that you have looked at what you would do, it’s time to record what actually happened. Task: Your task is to create a timeline of Henry’s foreign policy in the years 1502-1509. You should also add a quick sketch to help summarise what happened. Use the textbook to help. • The events you will need to add on are as follows; • Treaty of Perpetual Peace • Arthur’s death and impact • Death of Elizabeth and impact • Death of Isabella and impact • Phillip in England • Death of Phillip and impact • League of Cambrai

13. Treaty of Perpetual Peace 1502: • This ended any intermittent war between England and Scotland. They agreed on how they would administer the border between England and Scotland. This would prevent local cross-border conflict. • Death of Arthur 1502: • It is 1502 and HVII’S oldest son Arthur, died leaving behind a young bride Catherine. This puts HVII’s alliance with Spain in jeopardy. However, with special dispensation (exception) from the Pope, Catherine was betrothed (become engaged to) to Henry in 1503. However, it would take 6 years for them to marry. • Death of Elizabeth1503: • She died shortly after giving birth to a daughter. Two of HVII’s three sons are already dead. He was very vulnerable e.g. Edmund de la Pole had just moved abroad. Henry began to consider the possibility of taking a second wife, who might be able to bear him more heirs. He seemed to have sought the hand of Joanna of Naples, Margaret of Savoy and Joanna of Castile/Burgundy. His first choice appeared to be Queen Joanna of Naples, also the niece of Ferdinand of Aragon. Ferdinand was keen on this idea, because he wanted to strengthen his ties with Henry as relations with France deteriorated. However, this possibility came to nothing.

14. Death of Isabella of Castile 1505: • After Isabella’s death, HVII and Ferdinand were rivals for matrimonial stakes… There was no guarantee that Spain will stay united. Whilst Ferdinand has become Regent (protector of Joanna), Joanna’s husband Phillip (Duke of Burgundy) had ambitions to succeed himself! • In 1505 HVII moved towards friendly relations with Burgundy. He opened discussions about a possible Burgundian bride for his son, Henry. This made relations with Spain worse. Ferdinand turned to France. Louis XII had felt surrounded and was ready for friendship. This was cemented in 1505 when Ferdinand married Louis XII’s niece, Germaine de Foix. • Phillip sought shelter in England 1506: • In 1506, Philip of Burgundy had been caught in a storm and sought shelter in England. Phillip wants HVII’s support to fight Ferdinand during the succession battle. Henry and Phillip sign the Treaty of Windsor in January 1506. He recognised Philip as King of Castile, and the two rulers promised mutual defence and assistance against each other’s rebels. By a second treaty, Philip pledged to marry his sister, Margaret, now regent of the Netherlands, to Henry VII. In the April they negotiates the Malus Intercurses which gave the English merchants considerable advantages. It was decided that trade with Burgundy would be free, Philip would not impose duties (tariffs) on sale of English cloth. He also got Edmund de la Pole handed over to him.

15. Death of Phillip of Burgundy (1506) • In 1506 Phillip of Burgundy died. His wife Joanna was mad with grief and deemed unfit to rule. Ferdinand declared himself King of Castile. The heir in Burgundy was 6 year old (Archduke Charles), with Margaret of Savoy acting as Regent (protector) for her nephew. France might try to take some of Burgundy. Henry thought his best hope now was friendship between England, Burgundy and France. It allowed Henry to end temporary disagreements over trade with Burgundy. There were several plans for marriage alliances involving these countries, with the intention of isolating Ferdinand in Spain. The League of Cambrai 1508: Louis XII and Ferdinand of Spain came together with Archduke Charles and the Pope in an alliance against Venice. It looks as though HVII had been left isolated! Henry did nothing (he died soon after…). However, by not doing anything straight away, attention was taken away from England and towards Italy.

16. What would you say Henry’s foreign policy was determined by? Security International recognition Securing the dynasty Trade Avoiding foreign entanglement Write down which one you think and explain your answer

17. So how did Henry deal with countries individually? So far we have looked at Henry’s foreign policy chronologically. Now we are going to revise/analyse HVII’s foreign policy, by looking at how he dealt with specific countries. • Task: • You have each been given a copy of the map. Stick it in the middle of your page and draw an arrow off the following countries: • Spain • Burgundy • France • HRE • Brittany • Scotland • Italy

18. So how did Henry deal with countries individually? Your task is to now add the correct foreign policy to the correct country. See the list below and we will be checking your answers afterwards! • 1485: Scotland and England make a truce • 1485-6: Navigation Acts • 1488-92: Bretton Crisis • 1489: Treaty of Media del Campo • 1490 Venice and Florence • 1496: Intercursus Magnus • 1497: Truce at Ayton • 1502: Arthur dies • 1503: Queen Elizabeth dies • 1505: Isabella of Castile dies • 1506: Phillip stuck in England (3 treaties) • 1506: Death of Phillip • 1502: Treaty of Perpetual Peace • 1508: League of Cambrai

19. So how did Henry deal with countries individually? Correct your answers in green pen or tick if they are correct!

20. How successful was his foreign policies with individual countries? Make a copy of the following graph below. You will be doing a line graph that will plot each country (ideally you will need 6 different colours) along the period of Henry’s reign and mark (out of 10) how successful their relationship is at various points. Which country did he have the most and least successful relationship with? Explain your answer

21. FLIP LEARNING TASK: There is no flip learning this week whilst you revise for your grade book! Your tasks for next lesson are as follows: