PMI PMP Exam Prep PMI Mile High Chapter North Area Study Group

1. PMI PMP Exam PrepPMI Mile High ChapterNorth Area Study Group Quality Presentation Prepared by Denise Robertson 8 March 2003 Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materials

2. Quality Definitions • Quality: conformance to requirements and fitness of use • Quality Management: The processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. • Philosophy: Gold plating is bad; prevention over inspection is good Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

3. Quality Characteristics • Grade vs. Quality • Grade: meets spec requirements • Quality: behaves as expected • Prevention vs. Inspection • Management Responsibility • Processes • Customer Satisfaction • Keep customer informed • Stick to Requirements Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

4. Quality Processes • Quality Planning • Quality standards and methods to meet them • Planning • Quality Assurance • Improvements, audits, measurement comparisons, considering standards appropriateness • Executing • Quality Control • Measuring/testing errors, measuring schedule performance, comparing results to standard • Controlling Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

5. Quality Planning Tools • Standards • Benchmarking (past analysis) • Benefit/Cost Analysis (BCI) • Flowchart (future analysis) • Design of Experiments (what if?) • Cost of Quality (costs of conformance & non-conformance) • Fishbone Diagram (also used in QC) Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

6. Quality Assurance Tools • Evaluation against standards on regular basis • Re-evaluation of standards, methods, and procedures • Quality Audit: structured review of quality activities that identifies lessons learned Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

7. Quality Control Tools • Inspection • Pareto Diagram • Fishbone Diagram • Checklists • Statistical Sampling • Control Charts • Flow charting (also used in Quality Planning) • Trend Analysis Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

8. Quality Techniques • Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) • Just in Time (JIT) • Total Quality Management (TQM) Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

9. Quality Researchers Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

10. Optimal Quality and Responsibility • Marginal Analysis • Optimal quality is reached at point where incremental value from improvement = incremental cost to secure it. • Responsibility for Quality • Senior management is responsible for organizational quality • PM has ultimate responsibility for quality of product of project • Each team member is responsible for self inspection Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

11. Statistical Terms Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

12. Standard Deviation • Distance from Mean in a Normal Curve • 1 standard deviation = 1 sigma • (P – O) / 6 • PERT formula for standard deviation where P is pessimistic estimate and O is optimistic estimate Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

13. Sigma Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

14. Statistical SamplingQuality Control Chart • Graphic display of results, over time, of a process… used to determine if the process is “in control.” • To create a control chart: • Samples are taken • Variables are measured • Attributes are found and plotted on chart Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

15. Monitoring Project Results • Variable • Anything measured • Attribute • Binary value, either right or wrong • Probability • Likelihood event will occur, usually expressed as % Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

16. Control Chart Features • Control Limits • Acceptable range of variation of a process often shown as 2 dashed lines on chart • Upper and Lower Control Limits are determined by organization’s sigma quality standard • Specification Limits • Contractual requirements for performance and quality • Not calculated based on control chart • Outside chart control limits if project can meet • Inside chart control limits if project cannot meet Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

17. Out of Control • Out of Control • Lack of consistency or predictability in process. • When data point falls outside upper or lower control limit • When non-random data points are still within upper and lower control limits, such as Rule of Seven Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

18. Rule of Seven • Heuristic referring to non-random data points grouped together in a series that total 7 on one side of mean. • Assignable Cause is a data point or Rule of Seven that requires investigation to determine cause of variation. Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials

19. Cost of Quality Information quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development's PMP exam prep materialsInformation quoted or derived from PMI, Mulcahy, and Looking Glass Development’s PMP exam prep materials