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Welcome To Radiation Safety Training

Welcome To Radiation Safety Training. Center for Health Sciences. OSU Radiation Safety Program.

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Welcome To Radiation Safety Training

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  1. Welcome To Radiation Safety Training Center for Health Sciences

  2. OSU Radiation Safety Program The OSU-CHS radiation safety program will be conducted in such a manner so that exposure to faculty, staff, students, the public, and the environment will be maintained as low as reasonably achievable and that no radiation exposure will be received without societal benefit. This will be accomplished without impeding legitimate research, or realistic teaching objectives in accord with State and Federal regulations. Module #1

  3. Chernobyl Atomic Bomb Module #1

  4. Radiation Environment Module #1

  5. Natural Sources • Cosmic • Terrestrial • Internal • Inhaled Module #1

  6. Cosmic Radiation • High energy particles and photons from the sun and other sources outside the earth's atmosphere • Atmosphere provides shielding from cosmic radiation • An increase in altitude results in an increase in exposure (measured in millirem) • 26 mrem/yr @ sea level 50 mrem/yr in Denver .5 mrem/hr @ 39,000 feet Module #1

  7. Terrestrial Radiation • Radiation from radioactive materials occurring naturally in the earth’s crust • Lowest on the Atlantic coast (16 mrem/yr) • Highest on eastern slopes of the Rockies (63 mrem/yr) • About 30 mrem/yr in the remainder of the U.S. Module #1

  8. Inhaled Radiation • Primarily Radon (Rn-222) and its daughters • Rn-222 is released from the soil as Radium-226 decays • Radium is part of Uranium-238 decay chain • Levels vary widely from area to area • Average dose is 200 mrem/yr • May be enhanced by poor ventilation or the use of Uranium containing building materials Module #1

  9. Internal Radiation • Radiation from radioactive materials incorporated in the human body • Primarily Carbon-14 (C-14) and Potassium-40 (K-40) • Total dose of 39 mrem/yr (due mostly to K-40) Module #1

  10. Man-Made Sources • Medical Uses • Consumers Products • Industrial Uses • Nuclear Power Module #1

  11. Diagnostic X-ray General Radiography Dental Radiography Fluoroscopy CT Etc. 39 mrem/yr – U.S. average Nuclear Medicine Imaging using I-131, Tc-99m, Tl-201 Therapy using I-131 14 mrem/yr – U.S. average Medical Sources Module #1

  12. Medical Sources (cont.) • Radiation Therapy • Use of external beams and sealed sources for treatment of cancers 2.3 mrem/yr – U.S. average Module #1

  13. Industrial Radiography Use of X-rays or sealed gamma-ray sources for imaging structures and components Level Gauges Use of sealed sources to check the level of materials in a tank or vat. Well Logging Use of sealed sources to measure soil porosity, soil density, or underground structure & composition Static Elimination Use of radiation to remove static electricity Industrial Sources Module #1

  14. Nuclear Power • Doses are calculated for maximally exposed member of the general public • Uranium Mines = 26-61 mrem/yr • Processing = 1-8 mrem/yr • Nuclear Power Plants = < 1 mrem/yr • Waste Storage = < 1 mrem/yr • Transportation = 20 mrem/yr Module #1

  15. Smoke Detectors (Am-241) Tobacco Products (Pb-210 & Po-210) Building Materials (Sheetrock; gypsum board) Airport Baggage Inspection – (x-rays) Welding Rods (Thorium) Luminous Paints for watch and instrument dials (H-3, Ra-226, Pm-147) Consumer Products Module #1

  16. Consumer Products (cont.) • Television and VDT (Low energy x-rays) • Radium Hot Springs (Ra-226, Rn-222) • Fiesta-ware (Uranium oxide coating) Module #1

  17. Contributions to the Public Dose* Module #1

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