Advanced Human –Centered Design & Sustainabil ity

1. Advanced Human –Centered Design & Sustainability Monica Cardella & Carla Zoltowski July 11, 2012

2. Learning Objectives At the end of this session, you will be able to: • Identify strategies for evaluation and testing of your project • Define sustainability and the triple bottom line • Identify how sustainability relates to the EPICS design process • Differentiate between Green design and Design for the Environment • Define the ideas of footprint analysis, systems design and Graedel analysis What else do you want to learn?

3. Monica Cardella –A little about me How do engineers really use math? BS Mathematics P-12 Teaching Experiences & AmeriCorps Design thinking (including human-centered design & sustainability) MS & PhD Industrial Engineering How can young kids learn engineering? Postdoc Mechanical Engineering/ Design

4. When I’m not at Purdue…

5. Carla Zoltowski - A little about me… B.S. in Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, 1985 M.S. in Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, 1987 Triplets born 1992 Ph.D. in Engineering Education, Purdue University, 2010 Lecturer in Electrical and Computer Engineering 2001 – 2003 EPICS Education Administrator, 2003 -

6. EPICS Design Process

7. Testing and Evaluation What are the different ways of testing and evaluating your project? How are these incorporated into your design process?

8. Testing: Does your project meet the specs and requirements?

9. Other ways to think about testing and evaluation….Inclusive Design Motivated by many factors, including business reasons Design should not be more exclusive than basic task requires Moving beyond accessibility for people with disabilities to designing products that are usable by people of all ages and abilities Source: Keates and Clarkson, 2003

10. Inclusive Design: Scales Motion Dexterity Reach and stretch Vision Hearing Communication Intellectual functioning Source: Keates and Clarkson, 2003

11. Locomotion capability scale Consists of walking, stair climbing, bending and balance capabilities. Source: Keates and Clarkson, 2003

12. Dexterity capability scale Considers picking up, carrying, holding and twisting capabilities. Source: Keates and Clarkson, 2003

13. ADA Accessibility Guidelines

14. Anthropometric Data: Variations in Size and Proportion (Voland 2004)

15. Five Usability Attributes Learnability: Easy to learn to use Efficiency: Can be highly productive once user learns how to use product Memorability: Easy to remember so when return, do not have to relearn Errors: Low error rate; if do make errors, easy to recover. Catastrophic errors must not occur. Satisfaction: Pleasant to use; users like it. Source: Usability Engineering, Nielson, 1993

16. Testing and Evaluation of your design How would you evaluate and test your project based on the criteria you have learned so far?

17. Another criterion for evaluation: sustainability

18. Sustainability & Engineering Individual Reflection Individually, 2 min: • What does “sustainability” mean to you? • What is the relevance of “sustainability” to design?

19. Definitions of sustainability Lasts for a long time without high cost for repair or replacement Low environmental impact Adaptable Purposeful – meets a need; not making things just to make something Manageable maintenance Product produced for the future (or with the future in mind) Extendable Projected need (not just today’s need) No (or low) waste Fewer raw materials

20. Definitions of sustainability Product that is durable and has long life expectancy Efficiency in the production, use and discontinued use of a product Use of fewer raw materials Minimal effect on the environment of our planet Ensure that the basic needs of water, energy, food – individual, local, global– with little harm to the environment Use of the product is done in a way to maintain the existence of the product Product that maintains the workability that it desires After development and deployment,- low maintenance

21. Student thoughts: Sustainable design Being “conscientious” Renewable resources Reduce, reuse, recycle A “fad” Green design Cradle to cradle / cradle to grave (Fuji camera) Carbon footprint Climate change Too big of a problem for my behavior to impact…?

22. What is sustainability?A prominent definition Gro Harlem Brundtland (1987): (Former Prime Minister of Norway, Female) Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

23. What is sustainability?A systems definition Intergenerational equity (equity over time)

24. What is sustainability?A systems definition Intergenerational equity Consumption rates that match biospheric production rates (renewability)

25. What is sustainability?A systems definition Intergenerational equity (equity over time) Consumption rates that match biospheric production rates (renewability) Consumption rates that do not exhaust resources for a definable timescale “far” in the future (like, 50 years – Graedel analysis) Systems thinking and consideration of effects at long time and distance scales

26. What is sustainability? • Economic Prosperity and Continuity • Affordability • Healthy Community • Quality of life • Well being of Human Society Prosperity People • Environmental Protection • Resource Conservation Planet Triple Bottom Line – economics, environment, society

27. Design for Disassembly and Recycling One approach to sustainability http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_profilepage&v=tQY1VdpHF4c

28. Tools for thinking: footprint What goes into your energy footprint?

29. Tools for thinking: footprint What goes into your energy footprint? • lighting: wattage, hours on, heat loss • heating: hours on, temperature change • food: growing, transportation, packaging, storage, cooking, disposal • self care: water transportation, heating, treatment; cleaning products production, transportation, treatment • food preparation: tool construction, transportation, cleaning, disposal • clothing: material production, construction, transportation, cleaning, disposal • entertainment: production energy costs etc., energy during use • transportation: material production, construction, transportation, use, disposal

30. Calculate your footprint http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

31. Sustainable design…  Connect to your design projects • Did you consider sustainability already in your project? • Metrics: How can you measure/determine if your project is sustainable? • Evaluation: How can you use these metrics to make an informed decision among a set of possible solutions?  Share Team work Class Discussion

32. Metrics/ Criteria

33. Sustainable design… • Connect to your design projects • Evaluation: How “sustainable” is your design?  Share Team work Class Discussion

34. How do you (or might you) incorporate sustainability in your teaching? Think: Individually (1 min) Pair: Talk to a neighbor (3 min) Share

35. Questions/Discussion Monica Cardella, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, School of Engineering Education, Director of INSPIRE Informal Learning Environments Research, cardella@purdue.edu Carla Zoltowski, Ph.D., Education Administrator, EPICS, cbz@purdue.edu

36. Acknowledgements Stephen Hoffmann and Alice Pawley contributed to the creation of these slides