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Hormones Affecting Water and Ion Balance

Hormones Affecting Water and Ion Balance. 15.4. Antidiuretic Hormone. Serves to reduce urine output and therefore, conserve body water. Released from posterior pituitary gland. Osmoreceptors. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect changes in osmotic pressure of the body.

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Hormones Affecting Water and Ion Balance

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  1. Hormones Affecting Water and Ion Balance 15.4

  2. Antidiuretic Hormone • Serves to reduce urine output and therefore, conserve body water. • Released from posterior pituitary gland

  3. Osmoreceptors • Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect changes in osmotic pressure of the body. • These receptors will allow the endocrine system to detect and respond to changing levels of water in the body.

  4. How it Works • Water loss or reduction in intake • Solutes become more concentrated. • Increases osmotic pressure • Water moves into blood • Causes osmoreceptors cells in hypothalamus to shrink.

  5. 6. This shrinking causes posterior pituitary gland to release ADH. 7. ADH carried in blood to kidney 8. ADH causes kidney to reabsorb more water 9. Produces a more concentrated urine.

  6. Thirst • Thirst sensation is produced by the shrinking of the osmoreceptors. • As more water is taken in, it is absorbed by the blood • The concentration of solutes in the blood decreases. • > the volume water consumed, the lower the osmotic pressure.

  7. Switching off • Increased water consumption/retention = more dilute blood. • Fluids move from blood to hypothalamus • Osmoreceptors swell and stop stimulating pituitary gland to release ADH. • Drop in ADH = tubles in kidney reabsorb less water.

  8. ADH and the Nephron • Kidney Review: 85% of blood filtered by kidney is reabsorbed in proximal tubule. • ADH makes upper part of the distal tubule and collecting duct permeable to water. • ADH makes cell membrane permeable, high concentration of NaCl in intercellular spaces creates osmotic pressure • Pressure draws water from upper section of distal tubule and collecting duct.

  9. 15% Control • Kidney only controls 15% of the water that enters it. • By varying water reabsorption, the kidney regulates osmotic concentrations of body fluids.

  10. 16 Litres of Urine/Day

  11. Diabetes Insipidus • Posterior pituitary fails to secrete enough ADH or the kidney fails to respond to ADH • Symptoms: Excessive amounts of urine. • Not life threatening as long as the person drinks enough.

  12. Aldosterone

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