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RULE #1 Add –s to most singular nouns

RULE #1 Add –s to most singular nouns. RULE #2 Add - es to nouns that end in s, sh , ch , x or z. SINGULAR PLURAL moss mosses box boxes

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RULE #1 Add –s to most singular nouns

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  1. RULE #1Add –s to most singular nouns

  2. RULE #2Add -es to nouns that end in s, sh, ch, x or z • SINGULAR PLURAL moss mosses box boxes church churches rash rashes

  3. Rule #3 • Add -s to most nouns that end in O. SINGULAR PLURAL radio radio solo solo halo halo piano piano

  4. RULE #4 • Add -es to a few nouns that end with O. SINGULAR PLURAL hero heroes volcano volcanoes grotto grottoes potato potatoes

  5. RULE #5 For most nouns ending in y, change y to i and add es • SINGULAR PLURAL • galaxy galaxies • country countires • city cities • party parties

  6. RULE #6 – When a vowel comes before the y, just add -s • SINGULAR PLURAL ray rays day days boy boys toy toys

  7. RULE #7 For most nouns ending in f or fe, change the f to v and add –s or -es • SINGULAR PLURAL half halves life lives wife wives elf elves

  8. RULE #8 just add -s to a few nouns that end in f or fe • SINGULAR PLURAL beliefs beliefs chiefs chiefs roof roofs safe safes

  9. RULE #9 Some nouns keep the same spelling • SINGULAR PLURAL Sheep sheeps species species salmon salmon aircraft aircraft

  10. Rule # 10 SOME PLURALS ARE FOUND IN IRREGULAR WAYS • SINGULAR PLURAL • Man men • Child children • Foot feet • Mouse mice

  11. RULE #11 – Some plurals have alternate plurals • SINGULAR PLURAL Penny pennies Person persons, people fish fishes

  12. RULE #12 SOME NOUNS HAVE NO SINGULAR • Scissors pants • Trousers shears • Victuals tongs • Measles mumps • Pinchers tweezers

  13. RULE #13 – Some nouns are always singular, but some may be used as plural when different kinds are meant: • Gold silver • Wheat corn • Coffee(s) copper • Sugar(s) cotton(s)

  14. Let’s practice a few sentences 1. Stars are made of hydrogen, helium, and small (quantity) of other elements.

  15. The answer 1. Stars are made of hydrogen, helium, and small quantities of other elements.

  16. 2 - FIX THIS SENTENCE They create enormous (amount) of energy when their hydrogen atoms join together and change into helium.

  17. 2 – THE ANSWER They create enormous amounts of energy when their hydrogen atoms join together and change into helium.

  18. 3- FIX THIS SENTENCE • Like human (being), stars go through a life cycle.

  19. THE ANSWER Like human beings, stars go through a life cycle.

  20. 4. FIX THIS SENTENCE Stars fall in (category), mainly based on their size.

  21. THE ANSWER 4. Stars fall into categories, mainly based on their size.

  22. FIX THIS SENTENCE 5. Many stars shrink as they age into smaller (body) known as white dwarfs.

  23. THE ANSWER 5. Many stars shrink as they age into smaller bodies known as white dwarfs.

  24. FIX THIS SENTENCE 6. Other stars, called supergiants, may end their (life) in explosions called supernovas.

  25. THE ANSWER 6. Other stars, called supergiants, may end their lives in explosions called supernovas.

  26. FIX THIS SENTENCE (Astronomer) believe our sun is a middle aged star.

  27. THE ANSWER Astronomers believe our sun is a middle aged star.

  28. 8. THE SENTENCE Most of the sun’s surface consists of (wave) of energy.

  29. THE ANSWER Most of the sun’s surface consists of waves of energy.

  30. THE SENTENCE 9. There are also dark (patch) on its surface, called sunspots.

  31. THE ANSWER There are also dark patches on its surface, called sunspots.

  32. THE SENTENCE The sun’s powerful (ray) can damage your (eye).

  33. THE ANSWER The sun’s powerful rays can damage your eyes.

  34. CLOSURE • Today you learned to identify and use singular and plural nouns reading aloud and in writing. • You also learned to be careful when spelling plural nouns.

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