Sept. 3, 2013

1. Sept. 3, 2013

2. Do Now: 9/3/13 • Examine this painting. • Make observations about the woman in this painting. • What can you tell about her based on her clothing? Physical features? Where do you think she is from? When was this painted?

3. Pocahontas (circa 1595-1617) • The Indian princess Pocahontas first caught the attention of the English inhabitants of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 when she challenged the boys of the colony to a cartwheeling contest. A year later this daughter of Chief Powhatan became a protagonist in one of the most legendary moments in the history Jamestown when she interceded to save the life of settler John Smith after the lndians had taken him prisoners. • Following a Christian baptism several years later, she married John Rolfe, who took her to England in 1616. There she enchanted her husband's countrymen and, until her premature death, was a kind of emblem of the exotic romance of the New World. • This painting is based on the only known life portrait of Pocahontas, an engraving made in England by Simon van de Passes. It is thought that she wears in this likeness the costume that wore for her presentation at the court James I. The portrait hung for many years at the home of distant relatives of John Rolfe. • Unidentified artist, after the 1616 engraving by Simon van de PasseNational Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution

4. What are the similarities? Differences?

5. This engraved portrait of Pocahontas, created from life during her time in England, is the oldest work in the National Portrait Gallery’s collection. • Pocahontas, who took the Christian name Rebecca, sailed to England with husband John Rolfe in 1616. “The sponsors of the Jamestown colony saw marketing possibilities in this regal, converted, English-speaking princess. Luring new colonists to Jamestown and finding investors for the venture was a hard sell. What better ‘poster girl’ than Pocahontas?” 

6. Agenda/HW • Do Now • Objective • Reading quiz • Powerpoint: pre-Columbus maps; Columbian exchange; settlements • Jamestown article • Crash course video • SAT question of the day (3rd period) • Homework: In your Brinkley textbook read pages 34-47.

7. Objective • SWBAT the impact of European exploration on native populations in North America over the span of 100 years.

10. Early European Exploration • Columbus “discovered” the West Indies in 1492 • Amerigo Vespucci – the “new world” was named the Americas for him because of his explorations

11. Reasons for Exploration 1. Gain Wealth through products: spices, jewels, drugs, textiles, gold 2. Mercantilism -What is mercantilism? Economic philosophy of Great Britain in the 17th & 18th centuries. GB sought to increase its wealth & power by obtaining large amounts of gold & silver. 3. Spread Religion 4. Knowledge 5. Increased technology enabled journeys 6. To beat out other European powers

12. Columbian Exchange • Exchange of goods between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (the Americas) • New World crops: corn, tomatoes, potatoes • Old World: domesticated animals – horses, cows, pigs, diseases

13. The “Columbian Exchange”

14. Early English Settlements: Jamestown • Why was Jamestown established? • To gain land and gold. All for the Glory of England. • Main economic activity: rice and tobacco plantations. • What type of labor is needed in order to run a plantation?

15. The Powhatan Confederacy

16. Colonial Hardships • Colonists established their settlement in an area not inhabited by Indians – (the natives had rejected it for a reason) • They faced disease from the nearby infected river, plus malaria • Colonists faced hunger because they had not cleared fields or planted crops • When ships arrived with more supplies in January 1608, they found, only 38 colonists were still living.

17. John Smith’s leadership • John Smith took control of the colony and placed it under martial law. • He forced the colonists to work and declared that those who did not work did not eat. • Smith formed an alliance with the Powhatan tribe to aid the colony.

18. More Colonists! • 600 new colonists arrive, the Powhatan grew alarmed • Native Americans began to kill the colonists’ livestock and to harass them as they try to plant, fish, & hunt. • “The starving time” – winter 1609-1610, only 60 colonists survive.

19. Tobacco: Virginia becomes a cash crop colony • Growing demand in Europe • 1612, John Rolfe discovered a breed of high-quality tobacco that was marketable • 1614 – first harvest • Tobacco became a cash crop for Virginia

20. The growing demand for labor • Headright system(land grants for settlers) helped lure people to Jamestown. • Numbers of indentured servantsgrow throughout the 1600s • African slaves started being brought to Jamestown around 1619

21. Human remains from the Jamestown colony site in Virginia bearing evidence of cannibalism. • A facial reconstruction of a 14-year-old girl whose skull shows signs that her remains were used for food after her death and burial.

22. Early English Settlements: Plymouth • Why was Plymouth established? • Puritans did not agree with Church of England • Left for the New World in search of religious freedom. • Main economic activity: fishing

23. The Black Legend, Native Americans, and Spaniards: Crash Course US History • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6E9WU9TGrec