At the beginning of class…

1. At the beginning of class… • Turn in your paper on the front desk. • Picture • Graphic Organizers • Comic strip > body paragraphs > intro/conclusion • Peer Evaluation • Rough Draft • Final Draft

2. Yesterday/Last Week… What did we do?

3. Today… We are going to begin the background on Macbeth It is a powerful drama of ambition and murder.

4. Shakespearean Drama • During the Middle Ages, English drama focused mainly on religious themes, teaching moral lessons, or retelling Bible stories. • The main population could not read.

5. Shakespearean Drama These plays fell into two main categories: comedies and tragedies.

6. Shakespearean Drama • These plays fell into two main categories: comedies and tragedies. • Tragedy: • A work which the main character, came to an unhappy end.

7. Shakespearean Drama • These plays fell into two main categories: comedies and tragedies. • Tragedy: • A work which the main character, came to an unhappy end. • Comedy: • A dramatic work with a happy ending. Humor was not necessarily needed.

8. The Greek Origins Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher, said that tragedy arouses pity and fear in the audience.

9. The Greek Origins Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher, said that tragedy arouses pity and fear in the audience. Seeing a tragedy unfold produces a catharsis, or cleansing, of these emotions, for by the end the audience is watching in awe as the hero faces defeat with courage and dignity.

10. The Greek Origins • The heroes' tragic flaw was often hubris-- an excessive pride that led a tragic hero to challenge the gods. • The gods angered by the pride, unleash their retribution.

11. The Greek Origins The plays also had a chorus, a group of performers who stood outside the action and commented on the events, often hinting at doom to come.

12. Characteristics of Tragedy Shakespeare often eased the intensity of the action by using comic relief.

13. Characteristics of Tragedy Shakespeare often eased the intensity of the action by using comic relief. The main character, called the tragic hero, comes to an unhappy or miserable end.

14. Characteristics of Tragedy The tragic hero is generally a person of importance in society, such as a king or queen.

15. Characteristics of Tragedy The tragic hero is generally a person of importance in society, such as a king or queen. The tragic hero exhibits extraordinary abilities but also a tragic flaw, a fatal error in judgment or weakness of a character, that leads directly to his downfall.

16. Characteristics of Tragedy Outside forces may also contribute to the hero’s downfall. If so, the person or force with whom the hero battles is called the antagonist.

17. Characteristics of Tragedy Outside forces may also contribute to the hero’s downfall. If so, the person or force with whom the hero battles is called the antagonist. A series of casually related events lead inevitably to the catastrophe, or tragic resolution. This final stage of the pot usually involves the death of the hero.

18. Shakespearean Drama • During the Middle Ages, English drama focused mainly on religious themes, teaching moral lessons, or retelling Bible stories. • The main population could not read.

19. Summary The Tragedy of Macbeth, first performed in 1606, opens with the triggering of underlying ambitions held by the Scottish noble Macbeth, thane of Cador, as he comes upon three witches, who hail him as king of Scotland.

20. Summary Encouraged by his ruthless wife, Lady Macbeth, he murders King Duncan and takes the throne. The couple is haunted by the bloody deed. Lady Macbeth loses her mind and dies; tormented by ghosts, Macbeth is slain by the noble Macduff. Malcom takes the throne!

21. Theme The overriding theme of crime and consequence as a result of a passion for power pervades this tragedy.

22. Theme The overriding theme of crime and consequence as a result of a passion for power pervades this tragedy. As Macbeth, a brave and intelligent man, deliberately murders his king, a deed that escalates into more murders and, eventually his own violent death.

23. Strategies for Reading Trace the plot’s main events, especially the causes and effects that lead to the catastrophe. Watch for the first event that sets the series in motion. At what point is there no turning back?

24. Strategies for Reading Trace the plot’s main events, especially the causes and effects that lead to the catastrophe. Watch for the first event that sets the series in motion. At what point is there no turning back? Sort out the antagonists in the play. Who is against whom, and what are the conflicts?

25. Strategies for Reading Trace the plot’s main events, especially the causes and effects that lead to the catastrophe. Watch for the first event that sets the series in motion. At what point is there no turning back? Sort out the antagonists in the play. Who is against whom, and what are the conflicts? Identify the tragic hero, Make sure that you can justify your choice with reasons.

26. Strategies for Reading Trace the plot’s main events, especially the causes and effects that lead to the catastrophe. Watch for the first event that sets the series in motion. At what point is there no turning back? Sort out the antagonists in the play. Who is against whom, and what are the conflicts? Identify the tragic hero, Make sure that you can justify your choice with reasons. Determine the hero’s admirable character traits as well as his or her tragic flaw.

27. Strategies for Reading Trace the plot’s main events, especially the causes and effects that lead to the catastrophe. Watch for the first event that sets the series in motion. At what point is there no turning back? Sort out the antagonists in the play. Who is against whom, and what are the conflicts? Identify the tragic hero, Make sure that you can justify your choice with reasons. Determine the hero’s admirable character traits as well as his or her tragic flaw. Analyze how the tragic hero faces destiny. Does he or she show courage and dignity in defeat?

28. Important Facts • Soliloquy • A speech that a character makes while alone on stage, to reveal his or her thoughts to the audience

29. Important Facts • Aside • A remark that a character makes in an undertone to the audience or another character but that others on stage are not supposed to hear.

30. Important Facts • Verse Drama • A play in which the dialogue consists almost entirely of poetry wit ha fixed pattern of rhythm (meter).

31. Important Facts • Irony • Based on a contrast between appearance or expectation and reality.

32. Important Facts • Dramatic Irony • What appears true to one or more characters in a play is seen to be false to the audience.

33. Important Facts • Foreshadowing • A writer’s use of hints or clues to suggest what events will occur later in a work.

34. Important Facts • Theme • The central idea conveyed by a work of literature • Ambition • Impulses and desires • Marriage • Fate and our efforts to control it • Appearance versus reality • Loyalty • The supernatural • Mental stability

35. Wednesday We don’t have class because of the PSAT.

36. On Monday… We will begin Macbeth. Get ready to participate in the play!! DO NOT FORGET YOUR LITERATURE BOOK.

37. Recap of Week • Wednesday— • PSAT • Thursday— • Special Class • Friday— • Study Hall