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Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment. Principles of Flight. Principles of Flight. Learning Outcome 4: Be able to apply the principles of flight and control to gliders. REVISION. Questions. What effect does a Trailing Edge Flap have on the Stalling Speed? Higher. Lower.

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  1. Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment Principles of Flight

  2. Principles of Flight Learning Outcome 4: Be able to apply the principles of flight and control to gliders

  3. REVISION

  4. Questions • What effect does a Trailing Edge Flap have on the Stalling • Speed? • Higher. • Lower. • c. The same. • d. No difference.

  5. Questions • One type of Leading Edge Flap is: • Plain. • Slot. • c. Split. • d. Kruger.

  6. Questions • What are some of the High Lift Devices on the Leading • Edge called? • a. Plain Flaps. • b. Ailerons. • c. Slats. • d. Split Flaps.

  7. GLIDING

  8. Gliding • Objectives: • List and describe the Forces acting on Glider during • balanced flight. • State the effect of Wind on the distance travelled • over the ground. • Explain the effects of Airbrakes on Glide Performance. • Understand the ‘Gliding Angle’ (Angle of Attack).

  9. Gliding What are the Forces acting on a Powered Aircraft? Lift Thrust Drag Weight Are these forces in Balance for Straight & Level Flight?

  10. Gliding What would happen if we had NO Thrust? Lift Thrust Drag Weight What do we need to do to overcome the Drag?

  11. Lift Drag Gliding Weight

  12. Lift Drag Weight Gliding

  13. Gliding Speed The car can ‘coast’ down the hill with no engine. How? GRAVITY Can we use ‘Gravity’ to fly a Glider?

  14. Gliding Speed A Glider uses Gravity to Descend. The Airflow over the Wing produces Lift. How do we Control the Speed?

  15. Gliding Lift If the Nose is raised, What will happen? Speed Lift and Speed reduce. The Rate of Descent also reduces!

  16. Gliding Lift If the Nose is lowered, What will happen? Speed Lift and Speed increase. The Rate of Descent also increases!

  17. Gliding Remember: If you fly too slowly Lift will be lost and the Glider will Stall. If you fly too fast the Rate of Descent will be High.

  18. Gliding How far will a Glider travel? The flatter the Gliding Angle, the further the distance over the ground. The steeper the Gliding Angle, the shorter the distance over the ground. What is the BEST Angle to Fly?

  19. CD CL α α 0° Lift/Drag Ratio

  20. Usual Angles of flight CL CD Most efficient Angle of attack Lift / Drag Ratio Less Lift More Drag

  21. TOTAL DRAG VIMD Speed to Fly? We know the best Angle to fly, but what is the Best Speed to Fly? DRAG ZERO LIFT DRAG LIFT DEPENDENT DRAG IAS

  22. Gliding The Pilot’s Notes will give information on Gliding Speeds. For Example: A Viking Glider’s angle is about 1 in 35. Therefore, from a height of 3,280 ft (1 kilometre), In Still Air, It will travel about 35 kilometres.

  23. Effect of Wind What will happen when flying at the same Airspeed and Angle of Attack?

  24. Effect of Wind What will happen when flying at the same Airspeed and Angle of Attack? Still Air Headwind Tailwind

  25. Effect of Airbrake When ‘Opened’ what happens to the Drag? The Drag Increases. What Must be done to maintain Airspeed? Lower the Nose.

  26. Effect of Airbrake

  27. Effect of Airbrake Airbrake In Airbrake Out =Steeper Descent +Shorter Ground Distance

  28. Airbrakes

  29. Any Questions?

  30. Gliding • Objectives: • List and describe the Forces acting on Glider during • balanced flight. • State the effect of Wind on the distance travelled • over the ground. • Explain the effects of Airbrakes on Glide Performance. • Understand the ‘Gliding Angle’ (Angle of Attack).

  31. Questions • Name the Forces Acting on a Glider in Normal Flight. • a.Force, Weight and Lift. • b. Drag, Weight and Thrust. • Drag, Weight and Lift. • Drag, Thrust and Lift.

  32. Questions • How does a Glider Pilot Increase the Airspeed? • a.Operate the Airbrakes. • b. Lower the Nose by pushing the Stick Forward. • Raise the Nose by pulling the Stick Back. • Lower the Nose by pulling the Stick Back.

  33. Questions • A Viking Glider descends from 1640 ft (0.5 km). • How far over the ground does it Travel (in still air)? • a.17.5 kms. • b. 35 kms. • 70 kms. • 8.75 kms.

  34. Questions • When flying into a Headwind, the distance covered • over the ground will: • a.Be the same. • b. Decrease. • Increase. • Take you to Burger King.

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