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Impulse and Momentum

Explore the concepts of impulse and momentum in physics, including Newton's third law, momentum conservation, and examples of impulse in everyday scenarios. Learn about the vector nature of momentum and how impulse relates to force and time intervals. Discover applications of momentum conservation in various scenarios like explosions, collisions, and projectiles.

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Impulse and Momentum

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  1. Impulse and Momentum • Newton’s third law not mentioned in energy treatment reason: gives rise to another conservation principle Ex. Explosion of object into 2 unequal masses (use to show via Newton’s Laws) to get statement of Momentum Conservation • Momentum = mass * velocity [vector] • Impulse = force * time interval

  2. Examples of Impulse • Baseball : barehanded vs. glove • Boxing : bare-knuckle vs. glove • “Rolling with punch” • 1941 Chevy dashboard • Gym mats

  3. Impulse : Airplane and Bird • Bird : mass = 0.5 kg and length = 20 cm • Airplane: speed = 300 m/s = 650 mi/hr • Impulse = F∆t = ∆mv = (0.5 kg)(300 m/s) ∆t = ∆s/v = (0.20m)/(300m/s) = 6.7 * 10 - 4 s F = (150)/(6.7 * 10 – 4) = 2 * 105 N ≈ 20 tons! Cite: B-1B Bomber (stealth); Israeli Combat Jet

  4. Conservation of Momentum: • Total momentum of a system is not changed if there are no external forces. Vector Statement • Applications • Explosions: guns, cannons (fort in western Pa), buccaneers, tanks, and Hollywood. • Collisions (extremes) A. Complete Inelastic – Momentum conserved, energy lost; objects collide and stick together moving as one after collision. Ex. Football, trains, traffic accidents, and ballistic pendulum.

  5. B. Complete Elastic – Energy and Momentum conserved; objects collide and rebound (separate) with no energy lost. Ex. Pool table or marbles *** Look at 2-Dimensional Examples***

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