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The Future of Photon Science and Free-Electron Lasers Ingolf Lindau

The Future of Photon Science and Free-Electron Lasers Ingolf Lindau Lund University and Stanford University. MAX-Lab and Synchrotron Light Research KTH, June 1, 2012. The Vision…. John Madey, 1971.

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The Future of Photon Science and Free-Electron Lasers Ingolf Lindau

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  1. The Future of Photon Science and Free-Electron Lasers Ingolf Lindau Lund University and Stanford University MAX-Lab and Synchrotron Light Research KTH, June 1, 2012

  2. The Vision… John Madey, 1971 “…possibility of partially coherent radiation sources in the … x-ray regions to beyond 10 keV.”

  3. John M. J. Madey April 1971 29 March 1976 A new class of tunable high-power free-electron lasers.

  4. Sov. Phys. Dokl.24, 986 (1979) Optics Comm.50, 373 (1984)

  5. Concept of a free electron x-ray laser • Replace storage ring by a linear accelerator • allows compression of electron bunch – use once, then throw away • Send electron bunch through a very long undulator very short bunch length micrometers spontaneous photons from back of bunch create order ordered electrons enhance stimulated photon emission amplified photons completely coherent Intensity scales as Ne2or increased by 109

  6. electron beam photon beam undulator beam dump UCLA log (radiation power) distance FEL Micro-Bunching Along Undulator S. Reiche SASE* FEL starts up from noise • Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission

  7. Injector (35º) at 2-km point Existing 1/3 Linac (1 km) (with modifications) New e- Transfer Line (340 m) X-ray Transport Line (200 m) Undulator (130 m) Near Experiment Hall UCLA Far Experiment Hall Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC X-FEL based on last 1-km of existing 3-km linac 1.5-15 Å (14-4.3 GeV)

  8. 132 meters of FEL Undulator Installed All 33 undulators installed July 22, 2009

  9. Undulator Gain Length Measurement at 1.5 Å: 3.3 m gex,y 0.4 mm (slice) Ipk 3.0 kA sE/E 0.01% (slice) (25 of 33 undulators installed)

  10. “Seeding” and “tapering” schemes x-rays e-beam

  11. Injector (35º) at 2-km point Existing 1/3 Linac (1 km) (with modifications) New e- Transfer Line (340 m) X-ray Transport Line (200 m) Undulator (130 m) Near Experiment Hall UCLA Far Experiment Hall Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC X-FEL based on last 1-km of existing 3-km linac 1.5-15 Å (14-4.3 GeV)

  12. 200 m undulator hall length compatible with self seeding & long tapered LCLS II undulator - TW power 1.3 TW over 10 fs ~1013 photons • 8.3 keV -- 1.5 Å (13.64 GeV) • LCLS-II 200m undulator • LCLS low charge parameters 1.0 x 10-4 FWHMBW After self-seeding crystal W. Fawley, J. Frisch, Z. Huang, Y. Jiao, H.-D. Nuhn, C. Pellegrini, S. Reiche, J. Wu (FEL2011)

  13. 2 km warm linac (33 GeV) + damping rings: • PEP injection • FACET • LCLS 2 • 1 km warm linac (16 GeV): • LCLS 1 LCLS injector • NLCTA (~400 MeV) • x-band R&D, laser accel PEP SPEAR3 LCLS “1.5” LCLS What is the Future of X-ray Sources at SLAC? LCLS 2

  14. Emittances of Storage Rings and ERLs SSRL 500mA ESRF, APS, SPring-8 ALS, BESSY, Diamond, Soleil, SLS, SSRF Petra-III NSLS-II 2 Brightness ~ (Emit) MAX-IV Ultimate SRs (SPring-8, DESY, China) PEP-X ERLs (Cornell, KEK) SSRL Strategy and Plans

  15. PETRA III 6 GeV, 2.3 km circumference, emittance= 1 nm-radian (2009)

  16. PEP-X: Diffraction-Limited Storage Ring at SLAC Energy 4.5-5 GeV Current 200 mA Emittance (x/y) 11/11 pm Bunch size (x/y, ID) 7.4/7.4 mm rms† Bunch length 4 mm rms* Lifetime >2 h* Damping wigglers ~90 m ID length (arc) ~4 m ID length (straight) <100 m Beta at ID center, (x/y) 4.92/0.8-5 m Circumference 2199.32 m Harmonic number 3492 † Vertical beam size can be reduced towards 1 mm * Harmonic cavity system would increase bunch length to ~8 mm and double the lifetime sufficient dynap for off-axis injection 7BA cell

  17. USR Features • • High coherent fraction • • “Round” beams • • Short bunches (~5-10 ps RMS from low momentum compaction factor) • • Special operating modes could include: • few-turn, sub-ps bunch mode • 100-1000 turn mode with injection from superconducting linac operating without energy recovery (e.g. ~1 mA @ few GeV) • localized bunch compression systems in long straight sections • bunch tailoring with low alpha, non linear momentum compaction • lasing in an FEL located in a switched bypass • partial lasing at soft X-ray wavelengths using the stored beam • • “Long” lifetime: if the bunch dimensions are small enough Touschek lifetime increases (NSLS-II and MAX-IV may begin to see this effect) • • Damping wigglers to reduce emittance by ~x2 • • On-axis injection (maybe) and “swap-out” injection for small dynamic aperture

  18. Ring sources are complementary to FELs

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