IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICIENT THE MOST MERCIFUL

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICIENT THE MOST MERCIFUL

Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

“Arabic Corporate Training Course for ARBROS” A Course Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

Lesson 2 THE ARABIC VERBS (الأفعال العربية)

Verbs (الأفعال) Nouns (الأسماء) Phrases (العبارات) Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

Definition of A Verb • The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence. • Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc.). • Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some verbs put static objects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the objects in meaningful ways. Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

You'll be very pleased to know that verb tenses in Arabic, when compared to other languages, are fairly straightforward. Basically, you only need to be concerned with two proper verb forms: the past and the present. A future verb tense exists, but it's a derivative of the present tense that you achieve by attaching a prefix to the present tense of the verb. Verbs in Arabic Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

The structural form of the past tense is one of the easiest grammatical structures in the Arabic language. Basically, every regular verb that's conjugated in the past tense follows a very strict pattern. First, you refer to all regular verbs in the past tense using the huwa (hoo-wah; he) personal pronoun. Second, the overwhelming majority of verbs in huwa form in the past tense have three consonants that are accompanied by the same vowel: the fatHa (fat-hah). The fatHa creates the "ah" sound. For example, the verb "wrote" in the past tense is kataba (kah-tah-bah); its three consonants are "k," "t," and "b." Here are some common verbs you may use while speaking Arabic: 'akala (ah-kah-lah; ate) fa'ala (fah-ah-lah; did) dhahaba (zah-hah-bah; went) qara'a (kah-rah-ah; read) ra'a (rah-ah; saw) The following table shows the verb kataba (kah-tah-bah; wrote) conjugated using all the personal pronouns. Note that the first part of the verb remains constant; only its suffix changes depending on the personal pronoun used. Digging up the Past Tense Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

The Verbal Format of Kataba Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

The Plural Verbs Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

Arabic Definite Articles • The definite article in Arabic is formed by adding the prefix “al” to the noun, “al” is equal to “the” in English and it should be connected to the noun. Examples: the boy = alwaladالولد, the girl = al bent البنت, the house = al bait البيت. • The definite article “al, ال ” is not all the time pronounced as “al”, the “al” would be pronounced as “a” instead of “al” if it precedes one of the following letters: (t - ت , th- ث , d - د , dh- ذ , r- ر , z- ز , s- س , sh- ش , s- ص , d -ض , t - ط , z- ظ , n- ن ) • This process is called assimilation. An easy way to make the pronunciation easier, just like the way English does with the indefinite article “a” (a book, but an eagle). • The sky = assamaaالسماء (instead of alsamaa) because sky =samaaسماء starts with a (s س which is part of the letters above). • The moon = alqamarالقمر , since the letter q ق is not in the list above we can always use the full “al” with it. • Note that the omission of the letter “l” is only in pronunciation and not in writing. Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

Arabic Indefinite Articles • To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the word, called nunation(adding the suffix “un”): • A house = bait +un = baitunبيتٌ, the “un” is expressed by this symbol ( ُُ ُُ or ٌٌٌٌ ) when written in Arabic alphabet, like in the example of: baitun = بيتٌ . • A sun = shams+un = Shamsunشمسٌ , a dog = kalbunكلبٌ, a tree = shajaratunشجرةٌ , a student = tilmeedunتلميذٌ, a language = lugatunلغةٌ . • Since the nunation is a property of the indefinite article you cannot apply it to the definite article, • The star = annajmالنجم , a star = najmunنجمٌ . Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

Ma’salaamah • SHUKRAN JAZILLAN WA JAZAK ALLAHU KHAYRAN Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICIENT THE MOST MERCIFUL