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1. Date: 04.10.14A 04.11.14 B How did the Crusades influence Europe and Asia socially, politically, and economically? The Crusades and Christianities Impact on Medieval Society Warm Up: What could convince a human to commit murder in the name of religion? Thinking about the 4 types of conflict you have discussed in Language Arts; which type of conflict do you feel best reflects this choice in history? Provide reasoning for your choice in 2-3 complete sentences. Class Work: Warm-Up Christianity Reading Qs Crusades Reading Activity WIO Explain HW (Med. Weaponry Assignment) Homework: Review your SS Notebook and create 5 questions that you have from anything/any topic/ anywhere in your notebook that you would want to review before MSL’s… This will be collected the first day back from break. We will use this to create the review at the end of the year. WIO: In your own words and AT LEAST 4-6 sentences, describe the purpose of the Crusades and at least 2 positive effects/results of the Crusades. Page126 Page 127

2. Christianity and Medieval Society You will read and complete the reading on Christianity and Medieval Society in partners. You will have 25 minutes to read and complete this assignment.

3. Christianity and Medieval Society Notes 1. Why did people want to go on pilgrimages? People wanted to go on pilgrimages to visit holy sites. The importance of religion in medieval society grew, and people’s desires to know/interact more with religious teachings became more important. 2. Why do you think people left land to the church when they died? People left their land to the Church because during this time period people were very religious and they wanted to Church to have valuables such as land so it could prosper (be wealth). 3. What is a religious order? A religious order is a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules. 4. How were the Church/clergymen involved in the political aspect of life in the Middle Ages? The Church was the largest landholders in all of Europe because people gave it land when they died. As a result the Church divided the land up into fiefs and became a feudal lord. Also, clergymen, bishops, and other church officials often advised local rulers on important political decisions. Some church officials became so involved in politics they spend less time dealing with religious affairs. 5. Why were some people unhappy that the Church had political involvement? Some people were unhappy about the Church’s involvement in politics because they were afraid the Church had become obsessed with wealth and power. People felt that the Church should only focus on spiritual matters.

4. Christianity and Medieval Society Notes 6. Complete the Venn Diagram with a minimum of 3 facts per section and at least 2 similarities. 7. Who originally began creating universities? Why did they want to create them? Some of the earliest universities were created by the Church to teach people about religion. 8. How did teaching university classes in Latin help international relationships? Teaching classes in Latin helped international relationships because all educated people from different countries could communicate in Latin. Monks Friars -lived apart from people -built monasteries -collected, stored, and copied Christian texts -unhappy with politics in Church -members of religious order -lived and worked among people -owned no property -preached and begged

5. 9. How did the universities early creation by the Church influence society in areas outside of religion? • Early universities influenced society in areas outside of religion because they brought together groups of students who were interested in areas of study outside of religion, and they worked together to seek out teachers who could teach them about the world. Other areas of study included law, medicine, and astronomy. People began to study new subjects and some people began to develop new ideas about the world. Mainly people wondered how human reason and Christianity were related.

6. 10. How did Thomas Aquinas think understanding natural law could help people? • Thomas Aquinas thought understanding natural law could help people because he thought that God created natural law, and if people studied and learned more about this law they could learn to live the way God wanted. He thought rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs. He wrote an argument to prove God’s existence.

7. 11. How did the Church influence art and architecture? Why do you think so much art of the Middle Ages was religious? • The Church influenced art and architecture because many churches were works of art. They were also filled with beautiful objects such as paintings and tapestries that showed respect to God. A lot of art was religious during the Middle Ages because religious feeling provided inspiration to a lot of artists at this time. 12. How did Gothic churches differ from earlier churches? • Gothic churches were much taller and had huge stained glass windows.

8. Christianity and Medieval Society Notes 13. Complete the chart below. In each box, list at least 2 specific things the Church did to influence society politically, intellectually, or artistically during the Middle Ages. The Church in the Middle Ages

9. The Crusades Reading • You are going to work in Expert Groups to complete a reading about the Crusades. • You will need to complete a reading guide sheet while you are reading about the Crusades. Each group will have assigned questions to answer. • After reading and completing the Expert Groups assignment you will return to your original tables and share your responses. The reading guide sheet will serve as notes for the Crusades.

10. The Crusades Reading • What were the Crusades? • The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Muslims. • 2. What was the Cause for the Crusades? • The reason for the crusades was a war between Christians and Muslims which centered around the city of Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem held a Holy significance to the Christian & Muslim religion. The Pope preached a sermon telling Christians to go and reclaim that land, at any cost! • 3. What were the Objectives of the Crusades? • One of the main objectives of the crusades was at first to reclaim the • Holy Land, in particular Jerusalem, from the Saracens, but in time was extended to seizing Spain from the Moors(Spanish Muslims), the Slavs and Pagans from Eastern Europe, and the islands of the Mediterranean.

11. The Crusades Reading • 4. How many Crusades were there? 8 • 5. The First Crusade? • The first crusade, which is considered by many to be the only successful crusade, lasted from 1095-1099, established the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, providing more lands for the crusading knights, who often travelled across Europe to try their fortunes and to visit the Holy Sepulchre

12. The Crusades Reading • 6. The other Crusades: Describe the other Crusades… • Small Christian states were established for a time in and around Jerusalem, but they soon returned to Muslim control. • 7. The Crusaders: Who were the Crusaders? • The Crusades drew inspiration from two Christian institutions, pilgrimage and holy war: liberation of the holy places from Muslim rule partook of the character of both. • All who fought in the Crusades guaranteed the remission of sins and entrance into paradise.

13. The Crusades Reading • 8. The Effects of the Crusades… • They helped to end feudalism. • The Crusades contributed to increase the wealth of the Church and the power of the Papacy (Popes). • Crusaders returning from Jerusalem brought back goods that stirred up an interest in trade with the Middle East. • They brought back knowledge and ideas. They brought back the idea of a university, where higher learning would be made available. This was a huge change for Medieval Europe, where higher education had largely been confined to monasteries for years. – More people could and wanted to learn!

14. WIO - TOD • In your own words and AT LEAST 4-6 sentences, describe the purpose of the Crusades and at least 2 positive effects/results of the Crusades.