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Reconciling local and public knowledge on developing reward mechanism for watershed service in Indonesia

Reconciling local and public knowledge on developing reward mechanism for watershed service in Indonesia. Elok Mulyoutami , Betha Lusiana , Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk ICRAF Southeast Asia Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia. Outline. Multi-stakeholders knowledge system

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Reconciling local and public knowledge on developing reward mechanism for watershed service in Indonesia

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  1. Reconciling local and public knowledge on developing reward mechanism for watershed service in Indonesia ElokMulyoutami, BethaLusiana, Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk ICRAF Southeast Asia Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia

  2. Outline • Multi-stakeholders knowledge system • Knowledge acquisition based on case studies • Reconciling local and policy maker’s knowledge in the context of payment for environmental services • Conclusions

  3. NGO’s Local Ecological Knowledge Upland Private Lowland Public/Policy Ecological Knowledge Policy maker’s (local, regional, national) Local gov’t Hydrologist Ecological Knowledge Other gov’t institution University Scientist Multi stakeholder knowledge Environment

  4. Knowledge acquisition (methodology) • Local stakeholders – RRA, individual interviews, direct observations, group discussions • snowball sample • random stratified sample • Public/policy makers – individual and group discussion base on stakeholder analysis • Literature review

  5. Case study from 3 location in Indonesia • Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra • Kapuas Hulu Basin, West Kalimantan • Lahurus spring, East Nusa Tenggara

  6. Nanga Hovat Nanga Bungan Sibau Hulu Datah Diaan SIBAU MENDALAM Tanjung Karang Sibau Hilir KAPUAS Putussibau Sayut Lunsara Village Sub village Gold mining Upland paddy field Mature tapped rubber Newly established clonal rubber Traditional agroforestry system (tembawang) Fishing Newly established local rubber Case 1 Kalimantan: Local knowledge on relationship of landscape and hydrological issues upstream midstream Legend downstream

  7. Case 2Policy maker’s reforestation programme on Sumatra: Pine (Pinusmerkusii) (since 1978) • Perception of villagers surrounding Singkarak lake: • Pines absorb a lot of water from soil because they have deep roots • Pines have needles with smooth surface that allows rapid water evaporation • Dry needles of pines burn easily when dry. • Holding water capacity of pines root is low After several years… policy makers or public perception • Pine tree planting is a problem in terms of inducing excessive water use and fire risk. • Pines do impact negatively on catchment function. • Planting of broad leaf trees is better as they use less water.

  8. Case 3 Policy maker’s reforestation programme on Nusa Tenggara Teak (Tectonagrandis) - 1990 Terraces Runoff Solum depth Litter thickness Soil type Soil infiltration Soil moisture Root system Soil evaporation Forest cover Canopy closure Teak (Tectonagrandis) Top soil loss Soil erosion Soil fertility Ground water • Perception of people surrounding Lahurus spring about Teak • Teak leaves release a lot of water in air (transpiration) • The amount of water absorbed by Teak is high • Teak makes soil dry • Teak is very competitive for water • Teak should not be planted near other valuable plants Steep slopes • Local beliefs about traditional agroforestry system around the spring (mamar) and trees • Protection of forests/vegetation around springs will maintain water quality and quantity • Following trees are good for water in the springs: kelapahutan(Pandanus sp.), jambu air hutan (Syzigiumspp), beringin (Ficus sp), mahoni (mahogany), johar/black-wood cassia (Sennasiamea),manggahitam (Mangivera sp), kelapa (coconut), pinang /betelnut (Areca catechu) and kemiri/candlenut (Aleuritesmoluccana) Spring recharge

  9. Difference characteristics of local and public/policy maker knowledge Scientific understanding will strengthen the predictability.

  10. Concludingremarks • The importance of study local knowledge: • wisdom, insight  realistic • legitimacy of action  voluntary • possible criteria and indicator  conditionality • The importance of inclusion of public or policy maker’s knowledge • Previous or existing action or policy condition – realistic • Role of each stakeholder – voluntary • Risk assessment, resolution conflict • Knowledge articulation can help in understanding similarities, differences and gaps in the knowledge systems of stakeholder groups  lead to strategic communication • Reconciling the knowledge system of each stakeholder is an important step on building strategic communication as a platform for negotiation on integrated natural resource management e.g. reward mechanisms • Science understanding will strengthen the prediction, together with local and policy makers knowledge can indicate appropriate actions

  11. Thank you

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