Wannapa Trakulkasemsuk

1. A Comparative Analysis of English Feature Articles in Magazines Published in Thailand and Britain : Linguistic Aspects Wannapa Trakulkasemsuk

2. World Englishes “A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country.” Crystal (1997) • How? • The language is set as an official language of that country. • The language is recognized as a special language that is taught as a foreign language to children in school; or adults in the country mostly know or learn it as a common foreign language.

3. Expanding circle Outer circle Inner circle e.g. USA, UK 320-380 million e.g. India, Singapore 150-300 million e.g. China, Russia 100-1000 million Figure 2.1 Kachru’s three circles of English Users of World Englishes

4. Thai learners of English Thai competent users of English Prestige & Intelligibility EIL or IL Bickerton’s (1975)language development of non-native speakers of English Basilect mesolect acrolect

5. Nativisation and Nativised Varieties of English Identification of new Englishes (Platt et al., 1984) • It has developed through the education system. This means that it has been taught as a subject and, in many cases, also used as a medium of instruction in regions where languages other than English were the main language. • It has developed in an area where a native variety of English was not the language spoken by most of the population. • It is used for a range of functions among those who speak or write it in the region where it is used. • It has become ‘localised’ or ‘nativised’ by adopting some language features of its own, such as sound, intonation patterns, sentence structures, words, and expressions.    ?

6. Cultural frameworks describing Thai and British Culture Hofstede Hall Kaplan

7. Research procedure Population and samples Thai representatives: 30 feature articles written in English by Thai writers taken from English magazines published in Thailand English native speaker representatives: 30 feature articles written in English by English native speakers taken from English magazines published in Britain.

8. Research instruments • Criteria for identification of the prominent head nouns • Criteria for identification of the modifiers • A statistical method, Chi square • Concordancing program

9. Modifiers Identifying most prominent head noun • pre-or post- modifiers • types: word, phrase, or clause Identifying modifiers Frequency Count Frequencies Comparison, statistical test Fine analysis of significant modifiers

10. Findings Noun modifiers

11. General findings on noun modifiers Average modifiers per head noun TEA : 0.77 BEA : 0.63 Proportion of premodifiers and postmodifiers in TEA and BEA

12. Comparison of Thai and British writers’ Preference for Premodifiers and postmodifiers Premodifiers: c2 = 1.74 Postmodifiers: c2 = 45.03 Cut off value (p<0.05) = 3.84

13. Postmodifiers

15. Conclusion Factors influencing features of Thai English Thai language Thai cultures - Collectivism - High context - Indirect    

16. Thank You