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Computer Forensics BACS 371

Computer Forensics BACS 371. Computer System Basics 2 Hard Drive Storage & File Partitions. Computer System Basics 2. Hardware Disk Drives Formatting Data Storage File Systems File Partitions. Hardware. Disk Drives Formatting Low-Level Formatting High-Level Formatting Data Storage

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Computer Forensics BACS 371

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  1. Computer ForensicsBACS 371 Computer System Basics 2 Hard Drive Storage & File Partitions

  2. Computer System Basics 2 • Hardware • Disk Drives • Formatting • Data Storage • File Systems • File Partitions

  3. Hardware • Disk Drives • Formatting • Low-Level Formatting • High-Level Formatting • Data Storage • Encoded Bit • Byte • Word • Sector • Cluster • File

  4. Hard Disk Drives

  5. Hard Disk DriveSectors and Clusters

  6. Hard Drive Basics • Head • Device which reads and writes data on the disk • Track • Individual circles on disk platter where data are located • Cylinder • A column of tracks on a disk drive with 2 or more platters • Sector • An individual section of data on a track – the smallest amount of data which can be written to the disk – usually 512 bytes • Disk Capacity (CHS calculation) = #cylinders (platters) * #tracks * #sectors

  7. CHS Calculation Example Platter Sector Track Cylinder Capacity = Heads * Tracks * Sectors * Bytes/Sector

  8. Hard Drive Data Storage I • Bit • Binary Digit • Stores either a ‘1’ or a ‘0’ • Byte • 8 bits • Single ASCII character • Values from 0~255 • Word • Usually 4 Bytes • Represents the minimum piece of information which a computer can manipulate • Values from 0~4,294 ,967,296 Bit Byte Word 8 bits 32 bits or 4 bytes

  9. Hard Drive Data Storage II • Sector • Minimum storage size on a hard drive • One “pie shaped” arc of a platter • Common storage size of 512 Bytes • Established during low-level formatting • Numbered sequentially starting at 1 • Cluster (File Allocation Units) • Minimum storage size for a file as determined by file system • Common cluster size is 4096 Bytes (4KB) – 8 Sectors • File • Determined by file system Sectors Clusters File * Just an example, your file may occupy more or fewer clusters. 8 Sectors 2 Clusters

  10. Hard Drive Storage Capacities

  11. Formatting and Partitioning • Low-Level Formatting • Physically defines tracks and sectors on disk • Does erase data • Typically only performed at factory • Partitioning • High-Level Formatting • Dividing the disk into volumes – process of defining the file system structure • Appear as logical drives to OS • Does not destroy data on Disk

  12. To open Computer Management, click Start, and then click Control Panel. Click Performance and Maintenance, click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Computer Management. Partitions

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