1 / 34

Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis. SALIENT FEATURES. COMMON NAME: Trichina worm - The Pork worm Trichinella spiralis means spira , how this coils up in its host DISEASE : Trichinosis It is a zoonotic disease HABITAT : Adult worms -Mucosa of small intestinal

antoinettej
Download Presentation

Trichinella spiralis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Trichinella spiralis

  2. SALIENT FEATURES • COMMON NAME: Trichina worm- The Pork worm • Trichinellaspiralismeans spira, how this coils up in its host • DISEASE: Trichinosis • It is a zoonotic disease • HABITAT: Adult worms-Mucosa of small intestinal Encysted larvae- Striated muscles of hosts • The same animal acts as definitive and intermediated host • Is most common in Europe, North America, and Asia • INFECTIVE STAGE: Contaminated meat (muscle) containing encysted larvae  (pig) • DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: Larvae encysted in muscle (human) • Can be fatal if large numbers of cysts form in the heart muscle.

  3. MORPHOLOGY

  4. LARVAE

  5. VIVIPAROUS Expel active larvae

  6. Epidemiology • The disease occurs among pigs, rats & humans • Rats and pigs feeding on garbage that includes infected offal • Dead or dying infected rats are themselves eaten by pigs • Raw or poorly cooked pork (sausage) harboring infective larvae then become the vehicle for human infections • Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan disease that occurs most commonly in Europe and the US

  7. PATHOGENESIS: Penetration of the adult females into mucosa The first symptoms appear between 1- 2 days after ingestion The worms migrate in the intestinal epithelium Inflammation of duodenal and jejunal mucosa This causes: • INFLAMMATION • NAUSEA • VOMITING • SWEATING • DIARRHEA

  8. The migrating larvae Ten days after infection the larvae will penetrate the muscle fibers & other parts of the body. • Muscular pain • Difficulty breathing • Per orbital edema and conjunctivitis • Heart (Myocarditis) • Lungs (Pneumonitis) • Brain (Encephalitis) • Can be fatal if large numbers of cysts form in the heart muscle. • Heart failure or respiratory or kidney malfunction

  9. DIAGNOSIS : • Muscle biopsy at the encystment stage • Blood test for eosinophilia • Increased levels of creatinephosphokinase(CPK) • Serology test Immunoassays, such as ELISA • At the diarrheal stage, adult and larvae may be found in faeces

  10.  TREATMENT • THIABENDAZOLE • MEBENDAZOLE • CORTICOSTEROIDS

  11. Trichuris trichiura Whip worm

  12. Trichuristrichiura • Common name: whip worm • Disease:trichuriasis, whip worm infection • Final host: human, dogs, pig, monkey • Habitat: large intestinal ( cecum, appendix, rectum) • Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan with poor sanitation. • Children are more likely to be infected than adults because they are more likely to have have close physical contact with contaminated soil • Infective stage: infective larva in egg • Transmission occurs through ingestion of eggs, usually on contaminated vegetables or soil. • Diagnostic stage: Egg barrel shape with polar plugs

  13. Morphology: Adult female worm: The anterior two-thirds of the body being very thin (looks like a whip) and the remaining posterior end is thick and linear. Size: 3.5-5cm in length Adult Male worm: smaller than the female, 3.0-3.5cm. The posterior end is curved and has a single spicule enveloped with sheath.

  14. The anterior end two-thirds of the body being very thin (looks like a whip). • Adult worm penetrates into and embed its whip-like anterior portion in the intestinal mucosa, By small spear Adult male Adult female • Longer than the male.- posterior end is thick • and linear. • Shorter than the female. posterior end curved and • has a single spicule • enveloped with sheath. • .

  15. posterior end curved and has a single spicule enveloped with sheath

  16. Eggs: Shape: barrel–shaped Size: 50-55 x 25-30μm Shell: thick egg shell with 2 polar plugs Color: Yellow-brown Content: immature egg cells  3000-10000 eggs daily daily output

  17. Life cycle: • Eggs pass out immature • Embryo develops inside the egg (that takes about 3weeks at 25C) • Mature eggs swallowed  1st stage larvae hatch in small intestine and penetrate villi • Then migrate to large intestine and attach to mucosa with the thin anterior end • After 2-4 month females mature and lay eggs.

  18. Pathology: • Light infection with Trichiuris are asymptomatic • Heavier infections are characterized by 1- diarrhea, 2- anorexia, 3- nausea 4- abdominal pain 5- anemia may be the result of hemorrhaging when the worms mucosal damage))penetrate the intestinal wall • Rectal prolapse. Children’s infection can cause rectal prolapse, The reason is the cecum is damaged by the worm, the cecum can be pushed out from the anus.

  19. Prolapsed Rectum

  20. Laboratory diagnosis 1- Eggs or worm in feces. Eggs are oval, barrel shaped, 2- Eosinophilia may occur. 3- In heavy infection proctoscopy or sigmoidoscopy,can show the worms attached to the mucosa. 4- Visual detection of adult worms on prolapsed rectum.

More Related