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Tutorial 1 : Introduction

Tutorial 1 : Introduction. Deep Excavation LLC. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course. 1. INTRODUCTION. DeepEX is a software program for braced excavations in soils with 2D limit-equilibrium and non-linear analysis methods, and structural verification of all elements (with AISC, ASD, Eurocodes).

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Tutorial 1 : Introduction

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  1. Tutorial 1: Introduction Deep Excavation LLC DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course 1

  2. INTRODUCTION DeepEX is a software program for braced excavations in soils with 2D limit-equilibrium and non-linear analysis methods, and structural verification of all elements (with AISC, ASD, Eurocodes). It offers the ability to analyze walls with multiple braces (tiebacks) in multilayered soils. The non-linear analysis considers elastoplastic behavior for the whole soil-wall-support system. The program also offers the ability to perform traditional limit-equilibrium analyses. The graphical interface is completely interactive and the input is simplified to a great extend. The program utilizes archives of wall types, structural and soil materials, ground anchors etc. The analysis can be performed in either an utlimate state or at a service state (allowable design, LRFD, or Eurocode 7 design approach methods). The program offers the ability to automatically set all critical settings according to the desired design methodology. Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course 2

  3. Program layout File menu (click) General input tabs Design section list (right click) Model space (left or right click on any item) Project tree view 3D Model (Frames) Mouse is over item Units Wall selection View and other Model stages (right click options similar to excel) Command prompt (enter coordinates) Instruction box Press to perform calculations. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  4. Enter basic project information 1. Select this button 2. Define the project name etc. 3. Press OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  5. Move model elevations 1. Select this button 2. Set new reference elevation to 100 ft 3. Check All boreholes (this moves all soil layers) 4. Press OK

  6. 1. Add a 2nd wall2. Double click on right wall3. Change dimensions3.1 Change xwall= 60ftDepth L= 45ft

  7. Define basic model limits (top, bottom, left, right) 1. Select this button 2. Set Top= 130ft Bottom= 40ft Left= -60ft Right= 120ft 3. Press OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  8. Modify soil types (database of soils) 1. Select this button. Or Expand the Soils Tree and Double click on F Options: Right click or press Delete Boring with F soil Note: In DeepEX you can use any soil type in more than one borehole. For example the F soil can be used in boring 1 or boring 2 etc. You can use any Boring on any design section. Thus changing any property of the F soil will affect all the excavation Design Sections where F is used!

  9. Soil type data form Test data for estimating soil properties Short soil name, description and color. Available soil types Soil type & initial clay behavior Density Strength Add new, copy, delete, paste soil DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  10. Soil type continued Soil properties: General Soil name: F (this appears in the boring) Description: Detailed soil description. Soil type: Sand gt= 125kcf: Total unit weight gdry= 120kcf: Dry unit weight (above water table) c‘= 0 : Effective cohesion F’= 30 degrees : Effective friction angle v= 0.35 Poisson’s ratio Kx = Horizontal permeability Kz = Vertical permeability Parameters only for clays Su = Undrained shear strength Fcv= Constant volume shearing angle Fpeak= Peak shearing angle DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  11. Soil properties (Resistance and Elastic) Enter elasticity values as shown before. Click on > buttons for more options. KoNC= At rest lateral earth pressure coefficient for normally consolidated state. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  12. Bond resistance for ground anchors. Soil properties will be covered in more detail in Training Course #2. Enter ultimate skin friction (bond resistance) for tiebacks (ground anchors). Value is later divided by safety factor to obtain design capacity on each tieback. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  13. Soil S1 Soil properties: Change S1 A. General Soil name: S1 (this appears in the boring) Description: Sand Detailed soil description. Soil type: Sand gt=125 pcf : Total unit weight gdry= 120 pcf: Dry unit c‘ 0: Effective cohesion F’ = 36 degrees : Effective friction angle V = 0.35 Poisson’s ratio C. Elasto-plastic E = 500 ksf rEur= 3 D. Bond Ultimate bond = 30 psi Press OK

  14. Edit Borings (soil layers) To edit the soil layers double click on the model boring. The borings can also be edited from: a) Edit Borings Button. Or from the: Tree View – Stratigraphy – boreholes Double click here (or right click) with the mouse. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  15. Enter Soil Layers To edit the soil layers click on the blue button and enter the top of layer elevation. For this example type 90 here: Then select soil type S1 here: Press OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  16. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  17. Change water table elevation to El. 95m Ground water levels can be changed from the Model Tab Or By double clicking on the water table on the model screen. Double click on button or on water table DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  18. 1. Change water levels to 85m 2. Select option 3. Select option for analysis type 4. Press OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  19. Double click on wall DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  20. 2. Select edit section data, to change wall properties 1. Change wall depth to 45ft Number of nodes controls the divisions along the wall in a limit-equilibrium analysis. (Suggested 200 min, or set so that small intervals (0.25 ft) are generated) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  21. Change wall section AZ 19 sheet pile 1. Change wall type 2. Select AZ-19 section 3. Select A50 steel (fy= 50 ksi) 4. Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  22. Wall using AZ-19 wall section Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  23. Add a new stage (Model Tab) Or right click (to add a stage, similar to Excel) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  24. Stage 1 change center El. 90 Stage 1 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  25. Add Stage 2: Add a strut at El. +92 Right click and add stage 2 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  26. You can also drag the surface with your mouse

  27. Select tool to add a tieback Note: After selecting the “Draw ground anchor button” the program tells you to select/enter the 1st tieback point at the wall (x z) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  28. Add tieback with mouse 1. Select 1st point on wall (we will modify the coordinates later) 2. Select 2nd point in the soil 3. Double click on new tieback

  29. Edit tieback properties (support options) 1. Change dimensions z= 92 ft (elevation) Lfree= 15ft, Lfix = 25 ft, a= 15 deg, spacing 8ft 2. Check adjust prestress option and use 60 k prestress Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  30. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  31. Draw Tieback on right wall DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  32. Add a surcharge on the surface.Select this tool button. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  33. Add surcharge with mouse 2. Select 2nd point on right 1. Select 1nd point on left 3. Double click on new surcharge DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  34. Modify surcharge Change coordinates X1= -22 X2= -2 Change surcharge qz1= 0.6 ksf qz2= 0.6 ksf Point 1 is on the left side Point 2 is on the right side Wall index refers to which wall the load is applied: 0 = left wall, 1= right wall, -1 all walls 3. Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  35. Add stage 3: Excavate to El. 80ft Right click and add stage 3 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  36. On stage 3: Go to Analysis tab Change analysis mode to Limit equilibrium analysis DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  37. Thrust options: Automatic • Change wall friction to 50% of available soil friction • In this mode, the program automatically applies a method for wall friction on both wall sides. • In the auto mode, DeepEX automatically selects the best available (from program options) equation that appears to be appropriate for the given geometry or seismic conditions: • Coulomb when wall friction is zero (or surface with single angle) • Caquot-Kerisel tables (extrapolation for intermediate values) when wall friction is applied • Lancellotta equations when seismic conditions are encountered DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  38. Thrust options: Approximate update of initial parameters This mode allows you to change the wall friction options on each wall side DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  39. Analysis tab: Change wall friction Change wall friction behavior (wall friction % of soil friction) 2. Change wall friction to 50% (of available soil friction) Select CaquotKerisel for wall friction (log-spiral failure) Select Yes to apply on all Stages! Select Coulomb equation for wall friction on driving side (Driving side is the retained side) Select Yes to apply on all Stages! DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  40. Analysis Tab Stage 3: Change earth pressure assumptions (Limit equilibrium) Select Peck earth pressures for Stage 3 Select resisting earth pressures Passive divided by safety factor FS 3. Double click on Button for more options 4. Apply to all stages DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  41. Select US structural codes (Design Tab) 1. Select US allowable settings from Design tab DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  42. Review Assumptions (Yellow table Stage 2) Concrete code and Steel Code (1.6 is safety on Ultimate cap) Clay behavior Water pressure analysis Driving pressures Ka + d-Coul = Active with coulomb wall friction Resisting pressures Kp/1.5 + D-Caquot = Passive divided by 1.5 with Caquot-Kerisel wall friction Review Assumptions (Yellow table Stage 3) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  43. Analyze the model (current design section) Analyzes all design sections DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  44. Summary table (all Design sections) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  45. Summary table (Selected design section all stages) Note: You may select another design section or another wall (when a 2nd wall is used) Press EXIT DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  46. Results Tab (for viewing results on model screen) Tables and diagrams Display soil mass stresses (when water flownet analysis is performed) Wall embedment and other safety factors Wall moment, shear, axial, displacement. Support reaction R. Display wall capacity (moment and shear), Stress ratios (ratios <1 OK) Display stresses and pressures on walls. Click on Min-Max to display min and max values. Show ENV= Show result envelope (this design section) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  47. View moment and shear DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

  48. View moment and wall moment capacity Red lines represent the design moment capacity for this wall.

  49. Support reaction and lateral soil stress and

  50. View embedment safety factors

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