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Explore the key events and policies during George Washington's presidency, including the establishment of the Cabinet, Alexander Hamilton's financial plan, Washington's Farewell Address, and the development of political parties. Learn about the strict and loose constructionist views of the Constitution, modern-day examples, such as the Second Amendment and the Patriot Act, and the landmark Supreme Court cases that shaped judicial interpretation. Discover the significance of the War of 1812 and the Monroe Doctrine in solidifying the United States' position as a powerful nation.
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REVIEW ASSIGNMENT #2 Putting the Constitution into Effect
George Washington • The first President of the United States was George Washington • Washington established the Cabinet – a group of advisors to the President • Secretary of Treasury was AlexanderHamilton • Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson
Financial Plan • Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan included a National Bank, a protective tariff and an excise (sales) tax on whiskey. • Hamilton’s plan caused controversy. • The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new government intended to enforce national laws.
After serving two terms of office, Washington did NOT run for a third term as President; • A tradition that was not broken until Franklin Roosevelt - 1940 • This led to the passage of the 22nd Amendment which limits the president to two terms
Washington’s Farewell Address • Washington warned of two things: • A. no foreign alliances • B. No political parties
During Washington’s Presidency, the first national debate began between the “strict and “loose” constructionists. How did each group view the Constitution? Give a modern day example of each view.
Strict Constructionist • Strict Constructionist • Government can only do those things that are specifically stated in the Constitution • 2nd Amendment • Right to bear arms means allowing people to own guns
Loose Constructionist • Favor looking at the Constitution broadly and allowing it to meet changing times • Modern Example- • Patriot Act • Social Security
Political Parties • Political Parties developed through custom and tradition • The first two parties were the Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson
Three Main Ideas of each political party: • Federalists • 1. strong national government • 2. favored national bank • 3. wealthy and well-educated men should lead • Dem-Republicans • 1. strong state government • 2. opposed the national bank • 3. Common man should lead
Louisiana Purchase • President Jefferson overcame his strict constructionist views in order to purchase Louisiana which doubled the size of the United States.
Judicial Interpretation • Court Case • Marbury v. Madison • McCulloch v. Maryland • Gibbons v. Ogden • Decision • Established judicial review • Strengthened national supremacy and the use of the elastic clause • Expanded the power of the national government in commerce
War of 1812 • War of 1812 demonstrated that the United States was becoming a more powerful nation.
Monroe Doctrine • In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was introduced, which became the foundation of the United States’ foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine called for: • An end to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere • NO intervention by Europe in existing nations in the Western Hemisphere
