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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell.

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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  6. Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  7. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  8. How do plant and animal cells differ? Examine the following slides. Compare and contrast the cells.

  9. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  10. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  11. Cell Parts Organelles

  12. Surrounding the Cell

  13. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  14. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  15. Inside the Cell

  16. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

  17. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  18. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  20. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  21. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  22. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  23. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  24. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  25. Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  26. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  27. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  28. Voyage Inside the Cell • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9cVhwPg84

  29. Cells 101: Business Basics • Inside the Cell • Read and take Cornell notes

  30. Using a Light Microscope to Study Cells • A light or compound microscope used light and 2 or more lenses to enlarge and focus on an image. • The eyepiece contains the ocular lens • Magnifies 10X • The rotating lenses are 4X, 10X, 40X & 100X • What magnification can be achieved?

  31. Parts of the Microscope See your notes: diagram and function

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