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The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background. The complete history of the Universe (abridged). Keith Grainge. (With thanks to Angela Taylor) Sutton Trust Summer School 2005. The Hubble Deep Field. Optical Spectra.
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The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background The complete history of the Universe (abridged) Keith Grainge (With thanks to Angela Taylor) Sutton Trust Summer School 2005
Optical Spectra • Atoms and molecules absorb and emit at particular frequencies line spectra. • Can learn temperature, density, and chemical composition. • Also velocity …
Hubble’s Data (1929) Hubble, law Hubble’s Law v = H0d recession Hubble distance velocity constant
Expansion of the Universe (Wayne Hu’s web page: background.uchicago.edu/~whu)
Evolution of the Universe Accelerating Universe 4 3 2 1 0 Flat Universe Relative size of Universe ‘Big Crunch’ -10 Now 10 20 30 Age of Universe (Billion years)
Ingredients of the Universe Ordinary matter Radiation Dark Matter Dark Energy
Geometry of the Universe ‘Positively’ curved ‘Negatively’ curved Flat
The Cosmic Microwave Background The background is the left over radiation from the Big Bang. It has now cooled to a temperature of 2.7 K
The Cosmic Microwave Background Imprint in the background due to the motion of the Earth, about 1 part in 1,000 of the total intensity
The Cosmic Microwave Background The ripples in the background correspond to only about one part in 100,000 of the total intensity
Map of Sky Power Spectrum Power 1/Angular Size Power 1/Angular Size Power 1/Angular Size
GROUND BASED INSTRUMENTS …
PLANCK - 2007 WMAP – flying now SATELLITE MISSIONS
WMAP Power Spectrum (Power) (1/Angle on sky)
The Age of the Universe … 13.7 Billion Years
If this were our Galaxy, our Sun would be located about here The local Universe - Galaxies Spiral Galaxy M63
The Universe on the Largest Scale - the Cambridge APM survey Over 2 million galaxies in direction of the South Galactic pole. The map covers about one tenth of the sky
Structure Formation (Simulation and movie courtesy of Andrey Kravtsov)
Interacting Galaxies HST image of colliding galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039
Summary • After the Big Bang the Universe was hot and smooth. • As it expanded it cooled. • The CMB is a picture of the Universe when it was only 300,000 years old. • Under the influence of gravity structure has formed.