Literature Review

1. Literature Review

2. Research Problems & Questions

3. Scholarly Literature • Original research • Textbooks • Professional trade journals

4. Why review the literature? • Refine research problem, hypotheses, questions • Understand what has been done • Understand what needs to be done • Determine how the literature relates • What conflicts exist? & What studies agree? • Learn from weaknesses of others • Establish conceptual/theoretical framework • Help plan your study…methods, stats, population, etc.

5. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Primary sources • First hand sources of data; original study • Most valued • Journals, theses, dissertations • Peer reviewed, refereed • Secondary sources • Source where author has evaluated/cited previous research • Textbooks, pop lit (Last Child in the Woods)

6. Lit Review Process

7. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Develop heads for sections • Gen iY & Coaching Styles • Gen iY in sports; Coaching style effectiveness; • Athletes giving back (donating) to athletics • Giving to athletics; alumni giving to higher ed; instruments to measure giving perceptions • See sample articles

8. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Synthesize the lit • Pull all of the information together into a comprehendible summary of what you learned • Organize by topic/idea & not author • Don’t list each article & then explain • Rarely use direct quotes in lit review because it is a synthesis • Make notes on limitations of the research • Group similar studies & discuss as a group

9. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Find studies that are very similar to yours & expand on them • Discuss if conflicts occur between results • Don’t trust the abstract to get all of the info • What gaps exist in the literature?

10. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Find most recent articles & work backwards • Find original source if possible • Identify key pieces/seminal works

11. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Keep the articles in case a date/other info is incorrect • Complete citation • Determine what theoretical framework is being used. • Keep good notes & records….

13. Expanded Annotated Bibliography • APA Citation: • Link: • Brief summary • Research Question/ problem statement • Instrument used • Methodology & sample • Theoretical framework • Results

14. Lit Reviews –Rules & Tips • Beware of plagiarism… Did you think of it? Yes No Is it common knowledge? Yes No Do not cite it Cite it

15. Beginning your project

16. Beginning Your Project • See handout

17. Beginning Your Project • Title • Many determined after study is done • Shortened problem statement, be succinct • Avoid • An analysis of, The study of, An investigation of… • Expanding the Flow Model in Adventure Activities: A Reversal Theory Perspective • The Motivations of Runners in a Cause-Based Marathon-Training Program

18. Beginning Your Project • Introduction • Inform the reader about the issue/problem • Give some background knowledge without getting into too much literature • Rationale for studying the topic • See text for examples • See journals for examples

19. Beginning Your Project • State the Research Problem • Often towards the end of the intro • The purpose of this study is to… • Research questions/hypotheses/null hypotheses • Identify variables without labeling them • Define terms if they are not common • Operational definition • Motivation • Physical activity • Obesity • Competencies

20. Assignment • Assign #1: Intro, research question, preliminary reference list for lit review • October 21 • Assign #2: Literature review, revised assignment #1 • October 28 • Assignment #3: Methodology, revised assignment #2 • November 18 • Revised assignment #3 • December 2