AMSCO: Chapter 11

1. AMSCO: Chapter 11 Society, Culture and Reform (1820-1860) Pgs. 202-220

2. Essential Question How did the Second Great Awakening impact American society as a whole?

3. Claim The Second Great Awakening spurred people in the North and the West to want to reform society. Reformers mainly wanted to earn their own spot in heaven, but also wished to help the underprivileged.

4. The Second Great Awakening • Prodestant revivals led by preachers who traveled and spoke to large audiences • Centered around Calvanist (Puritan) teachings- original sin and predestination • New York: Charles G. Finney- appealed to people’s fears of sinning - Western NY -“burnt over district” b/c of frequent revivals that crisscrossed the region

5. -watercolor painting of a Methodist revival in 1839 -painted by J. Maze Burbank, who presented it to the Royal Society in London -at a campground on a makeshift stage -people extremely affected by his preaching -preachers attracted large crowds -shows that the Second Great Awakening was widespread and impactful

6. The Second Great Awakening Contd. -Baptists and Methodists- circuit preachers held outdoor revivals (camp meetings) where they converted the “unchurched” -Millennialism- William Miller preached that there would be a second coming of Christ (Oct. 21, 1844) -nothing happened Millerites still existed as the Seventh Day Adventists -Mormons- Joseph Smith founded Church of Latter Day Saints (1830)

7. The Second Great Awakening Contd. -Brigham Young estbl. New Zion (Mormon Community) in Utah -U.S. govt. disagreed with their policy of polygamy -overall- the Awakening inspired people to perfect their own society and uphold good moral principles

8. Social Reforms -Temperance- 1826- American Temperance Society founded by protestant ministers and others -1840s- Washingtonians society started by recovering alcoholics -German and Irish immigrants opposed -Maine= 1st of 13 states to prohibit the sale of alcohol -temperance movementdemonstrated protestants wanting to improve society to uphold their religion

9. Social Reforms Contd. -Public Asylums- 1840s- Dorothea Dix traveled the U.S. and reported of bad treatment in mental hospitals -Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe  school for blind -Thomas Gallaudet  school for the deaf -Pennsylvania- prisons experimented with solitary confinement -Public Education- Horace Mann (1796-1859)- common public school

10. Social Reforms Contd. -William Holmes McGuffey-created textbooks of moral instruction -Roman Catholic groups founded private schools b/c they disagreed with the “Protestant tone” of public schools -private colleges founded b/c of Second Great Awakening -some colleges began admitting women -public schools were mainly supported so that the lower class would be taught obedience and learn to work hard

11. Horace Mann Tenth Annual Report As Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, 1848 “an educated people is always a more industrious and productive people. Intelligence is a primary ingredient in the wealth of nations.” • Mann is making an argument for the wealthy and middle class to support public schools • His claim suggests that education will benefit the country and produce hard workers, rather than then emphasizing the benefits of the lower class children • Shows that there was self interest behind support for reforms

12. American Family and Women’s Rights -birth control available women have more leisure time -cult of domesticity- women were thought to be moral leaders in the home and educators of children -1848- Seneca Falls Convention-leading feminists met and issued “Declaration of Sentiments” stated that “all women are created equal” -Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony continued to protest for women’s rights

13. Antislavery Movement -1822- the American Colonization Society- estbl. an African American settlement in Liberia (failed) -1833-William Lloyd Garrison (radical abolitionist) founded the American Antislavery Society (published The Liberator in 1831) -1840- The Liberty Party- created by Northerners to take polit. action against slavery -1847- Frederick Douglass (former slave)- The North Star

14. Antislavery Movement Contd. -David Walker and Henry Highland Garnet (violent abolitionists)- slaves should rise up against masters -1831-Nat Turner (slave)- led revolt that killed 55 whites -whites retaliated and killed 100s of African Americans -women also abolitionists -Second Great Awakening caused Northerners to want to make all men equal under the law

15. Southern Reaction To Reform -reform= a regional phenomenon, in the North and West but not the South • South= more traditional • Opposed to antislavery

16. Culture -Communal Experiments- people experimented with various ideas of reform -1841- Brook Farm estbl. in MA by George Ripley where intellectual elites had lived -Shakers- religious communities- women and men kept separate -New Harmony- founded by Robert Owen was secular and socialist

17. Culture Contd. • All of these failed Americans= too individualistic for communal living • Communal experiments demonstrated people trying to solve problems in society

18. Works Cited Newman, John J., and John M. Schmalbach. United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination. New York, NY: Amsco School Publications, 2004. Print. "Religion and the New Republic - Religion and the Founding of the American Republic | Exhibitions - Library of Congress." Religion and the New Republic - Religion and the Founding of the American Republic | Exhibitions - Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013.