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Dusit Thani College

Dusit Thani College. Principles of Communication. Principles of Communication. Unit 1: Fundamentals of Communication. Objectives. Following this class you will be able to: Describe language as a mechanism of communication Describe developments in the study of language

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Dusit Thani College

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  1. DusitThani College Principles of Communication

  2. Principles of Communication Unit 1: Fundamentals of Communication Principles of Communication

  3. Objectives Principles of Communication Following this class you will be able to: • Describe language as a mechanism of communication • Describe developments in the study of language • Understand and use a range of linguistic terms • Discuss relationships between language and culture • Consider implications for the Hospitality Industry

  4. 1.4 The Definition of Language Principles of Communication The word ‘language’ can have different meanings: • The concept of collecting and sending of information • A system for those concepts; like French, English, Thai • A formal system of rules of grammar • A mechanism for communication • A system for cooperation • The infinite set of utterances for finite elements; animals don’t have this ability

  5. World Languages http://people.umass.edu/~nconstan/201/Language%20Families%20World%20Map.png Principles of Communication

  6. Principles of Communication

  7. World Languages http://www.everytongue.com/list1-on-line-recordings.htm Principles of Communication

  8. 1.5 The Study of Language • Linguistics, has been developing into a science for more than 2000 years… …from Pāṇini’s ‘Sanskrit’… …to Sibawayh’s ‘Al-kitab fi al-nahw’… …to Plato’s ‘Cratylus dialogue’ Principles of Communication

  9. 1.6 Language and Its Parts Principles of Communication • Language has three parts: signs, meanings, and codes and is analyzed through the following studies: • Semiotics = how signs and meanings are used • Syntax = the grammar rules of a system • Semantics = meaning of the signs, words, phrases • Specific signs are assigned to show those meanings easier…

  10. 1.6 Language and Its Parts Principles of Communication • Phonology studies how we create meaning • Phonetics studies how we form sounds • Those sounds are phonemes, or syllables: • Vowels • Consonants

  11. Phonetics for English Consonants (IPA) Principles of Communication

  12. Phonetics for Thai Consonants (IPA) Principles of Communication

  13. Phonemes - Vowel Sounds Short vowel sounds e o u a i use single vowels b a t bilabial plosive dental plosive / æ / Long vowel sounds usecombinations of vowels n i c e / aɪ / Principles of Communication

  14. Phonemes - Vowel Sounds Long vowel sounds n i c e use combinations of vowels r i c e r i d e Alternative spellings: f r i e d (samesound) fi g h t / aɪ / h ei g h t c r y Principles of Communication

  15. Quick Game On the sheet provided: Write as many words as you can using the LONG VOWEL sound provided. Think of different ways to spell the sound and write as many words using these spelling For a bonus point, write a sentence using as many of these words as you can Fay and Jane play on the same day. Nope! I won’t throw the toad! Eve needs to see the team. The cute blue goose flew to the moon. Principles of Communication

  16. Considerations / Restrictions We have seen many vowel and consonant combinations (phonemes). However, the construction of English does provide limitations. For example: /ŋ/, as in sing, occurs only at the end of a syllable, never at the beginning such as in Thai ( ngu – snake – งู, or ngoen – money – เงิน) /h/ occurs only before vowels and at the beginning of a syllable, never at the end (a few languages, such as Arabic, or Romanian allow /h/ syllable-finally) Anomalies tough dough bow cough bow Principles of Communication

  17. 1.6 Language and Its Parts They can either be FREE or BOUND. If they are FREE, they are called WORDS. If they are BOUND, they are called AFFIXES. Two types: dis satisfy PREFIX Positioned BEFORE a word ing satisfy SUFFIX Positioned AFTER a word ing dis satisfy COMBINATIONS Principles of Communication Morphemes are meaningful elements in a language.

  18. 1.6 Language and Its Parts AFFIXES (suffixes) WORD Principles of Communication The rules for this use of morphemes is called morphology… Syntax then gives rules for using multiple morphologic forms in a statement structure.

  19. 1.6 Language and Its Parts It provides RULES for combining MORPHEMES to create further meaning, through PHRASES and SENTENCES. We then use word classes (or parts of speech) for those grammar rules… such as nouns (the subject of a statement) and verbs (the action). Sallyruns. Sallythrows a ball. predicate (verb) verb object subject subject intransitive (no object) transitive (has object) Principles of Communication Grammar is the study of the SYSTEM of languages.

  20. 1.6 Language and Its Parts Syntax “the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules of grammar for this” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Determiner: ‘used to qualify nouns’e.g., the, a, his, your, two, etc. Principles of Communication

  21. Syntax Activity Noun Phrase(subject) You will be given a complete sentence structure. You must identify/position the ‘syntactic’ components. Using the shaded vocab cards, create a meaningful sentence. Principles of Communication

  22. Syntax Activity Sentence Verb Phrase (predicate) Noun Phrase (subject) ADV Adverb VVerb PPPrepositional Phrase DET Determiner NNoun NP Noun Phrase DETDeterminer PREPPreposition N Noun NP Noun Phrase DETDeterminer N Noun son the The father saw his instantly at market Principles of Communication

  23. 1.7 Language and Culture Principles of Communication • Language and culture are very closely intertwined. • We perceive only what our language allows us. • Our language controls our world view. • Speakers of different languages have different world views. • Studies of language and culture consider: • Socio-linguistics • Ethno-linguistics • Linguistic Anthropology

  24. 1.7 Language and Culture Languages do not differ only in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar but also ‘speaking cultures’. Language practice can be used based on cultural norms: social class gender age rank education ‘kinship’ Principles of Communication Humans use language as a way of signaling identitywith one cultural group and difference from others.

  25. 1.7 Language and Culture Principles of Communication They connect for speech and behavior, like… • Formal Conversation (“Yes, I would like some water.”) • Informal Conversation(“Yeah, gimme some water.”) • Slang (“Yo! I’m dyin of thirst o’er ere!”) • Hierarchy Vocabulary(“Nong Wit” or“Pee Wit”) • Gender(“Krup” or “Ka”) Communication must be adapted in order to be understood.

  26. 1.7 Language and Culture The Hospitality Industry provides for MORE LANGUAGES AND CULTURES exposure and experience than ANY other! So, it is ESSENTIAL that YOU MAXIMISE YOUR UNDERSTANDING Principles of Communication

  27. Summary Today you have learned how to: • Describe language as a mechanism of communication • Describe developments in the study of language • Understand and use a range of linguistic terms • Discuss relationships between language and culture • Consider implications for the Hospitality Industry Principles of Communication

  28. BREAK! Take a break! Principles of Communication Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your hand-out.

  29. Handout Review Principles of Communication You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions. Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible. You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.

  30. HOMEWORK! Principles of Communication Read Unit 2 and complete sections 2.1 Key Vocabulary and Chapter 2 Review: Case Study.

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