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Understanding Aflatoxicosis in Poultry and Its Impact

Learn about aflatoxicosis in poultry, its causes including fungal metabolites, storage issues, and effects on poultry health like immunosuppression, bloody thigh syndrome, and decreased bone strength. Discover permissible toxin levels, clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological changes, and diagnostic methods.

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Understanding Aflatoxicosis in Poultry and Its Impact

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  1. AFLATOXICOSIS T.SASIDHAR BVN 09062

  2. INTRODUCTION • Aflatoxicosis is a gastrointestinal disease that affects all species of poultry. • Young birds - more susceptible. • Ducklings - highly susceptible. • Quails - resistant to Aflatoxicosis.

  3. ETIOLOGY • Aspergillus flavus, • A.parasiticus, • Penicillium puberulum • B₁, B₂, G₁,G₂ • Aflatoxicol, flatoxitrem and cyclopiazonic acid are other toxic metabolites produced by these fungi on mouldy corn

  4. Improper storage of feed or grains. • Drought and insect damage to grain increase susceptibility of grain to fungal growth • Optimum temperature for aflatoxin production by the fungus is tropical and subtropical where the temperature is 32-35°c and high humidity.

  5. PATHOGENESIS TERATOGENICITY MUTAGENECITY CARCINOGENECITY HYPOPROTEINEMIA DEATH

  6. Immunosuppression • Due to reduction in the size of spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius. • Decreases both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity. • Increases severity of caecal coccidiosis, MD, E.Coli infection, Salmonellosis, Gumboro disease. • Vaccination failures. • Breeders- passive maternal immunity

  7. Bloody thigh syndrome Haemorrhage due to decreased clotting factor synthesis and increased fragility of minute blood vessels. • Lazy leukocyte syndrome Toxic for B-lymphocytes and reduces blood phagocytes.

  8. EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN IN POULTRY DECREASES AVAILABILITY OF BILE SALTS VITAMIN-D3 & A DEFICIENCY DECREASED BLOOD CALCIUM LEVEL DECREASED BONE STRENGTH DECREASED TOCOPHEROL LEVEL VIT- A & E DEFICIENCY

  9. Permissible level of Aflatoxin • Turkey poults - <0.25 ppm • Ducklings - <0.25 ppm • Broilers - <1.5 ppm and • Japanese quail - <4 ppm

  10. CLINICAL SIGNS • Anorexia and Anaemia • Paralysis • Depression and dullness • Staggering gait • Reduced egg production, fertility and hatchability, • Poor feed conversion, • Depressed growth, • Increased bruising and downgrading

  11. Gross lesions

  12. Enlarged and pale liver and becomes hard.

  13. Areas of haemorrhage – hepatic parenchyma

  14. Scattered haemorrhages – muscle,skin, intestinal tract

  15. Kidney enlarged and filled with urates

  16. Fat deposition in liver

  17. Comb and wattle – pale and yellow.

  18. Gizzard mucosa- ulcers

  19. HP LESIONS

  20. Bileduct hyperplasia

  21. Fatty changes in the liver • Centri lobular necrosis • Pseudo lobulation • Pericellular cirrhosis • Infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in newly formed connective tissue.

  22. diagnosis • Gross lesions • Feed sample analysis by TLC & HPLC.

  23. AFLA A- Aspergillus FLA-flavus “Always Fitness Look is Appreciated”

  24. Thank You

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