By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

1. Energy!!!!!! By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

2. Oil • Nonrenewable resource • Fossil fuel • Made of dead plants and animals • Takes millions of years to form • Has many uses • Must be refined before used Oil Refinery

3. How Oil is Formed • Formed from remains of animals, plants • Remains covered by layers of mud • Heat, pressure turn remains into crude oil • Petroleum means oil from the earth Oil is being formed!!!!

4. History of OIL!!! • Known and used since ancient times • Wasn’t used as a fuel • First oil well drilled in 1859 • Became fuel when cars were made • Used in furnaces • Burned to produce • electricity Early oil workers

5. Where Oil is Found • Flows from natural springs • Found in PLAY • Produced offshore in gulf of Mexico • Mostly found in Texas, California, Alaska • Also found in Louisiana, Oklahoma PLAY: a group of geographical features that are likely to contain oil or gas. Natural spring

6. Advantages and disadvantages of oil • Advantages • One of most abundant energy resources • Liquid form easy to transport, use • Has high heating value • Relatively inexpensive • No technology needed to use • Disadvantages • Burning oil causes carbon emissions • Recovery process takes to long • Oil drilling endangers environment and ecosystem • Transportation can lead to spills Oil production

7. Environmental Impacts of Oil • Exploring oil damages land, ocean habitats • Oils spills harm wildlife • Leaks let petroleum get into ground • Burning oil gives off Carbon Dioxide • Causes global warming • Pollutes the air Polluted air

8. Uses of Oil • Used for fuel; in gasoline • Oil is in fibers, rubbers, plastics • In dyes, paints, and medicines • Used in heating oil, fertilizers, detergents • Alsoincluded in candles

9. Interesting Facts • Oil destroys rainforest • 6 million tons per year enter ocean • Spills account for 5% that enters ocean • Production likely to increase for 3 decades • 6.5 barrels used in U.S. per year Barrels of oil

10. Oil Refineries • Turn oilinto other products • Use techniques such as chemical processing • Refineries are critical to economy • Refinery jobs are dangerous Oil refinery

11. Hydrocarbons • Moleculesthat contain hydrogen and carbon • Contain a lot of energy • Can take on many different forms • Come in various lengths and structures

12. Water Energy • Moving water is very powerful • Hydroelectric power plants use water energy • Renewable resource • Dams produce electricity • Water wheels produced mechanical energy historically Water is a renewable resource

13. Hydroelectric Power • This is made by moving water • Most widely used source of energy • This energy is inexpensive • Dose not create air pollution • Dams have bad affects on environment • Most suitable rivers have been dammed Dams can have a negative effect on the environment.

14. Water History • More like the antique version • Big wooden wheel that turns slowly • Creek pours down over it • Spin slowly with lots of power • Sometimes turn saw in sawmills • Mechanical energy Water wheel

15. Water Turbines • Impulse or reaction turbines • In reaction turbines runners are underwater • In reaction turbines runners are enclosed  • Impulse turbines are half in water • Pressure differences across blades create forces • Lift forces cause runner to rotate. Water turbines

16. Process of a Hydropower Plant • Water stored behind dam under pressure • Has potential energy • Flood gates open, water is released • Water in tunnels goes to bottom • Kinetic energy produced by moving water • Magnet produces electricity This is a dam.

17. Sources of Water Energy • Water energy is found in moving water • Found most often in a flowing river • Found in dams • Found in underwater currents • Ocean tides Water energy is found in a flowing river.

18. Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Energy Advantages • This energy is less expensive • Water energy is renewable • Water energy expands irrigation • Provides hydroelectric energy • Provides drinking water • Produces 19% of electricity Disadvantages • Might flood land areas • Expensive to builddams • People might have to relocate • Older dams have to be demolished • Population affects water power • Have to have a suitable river A picture of Hoover Dam and Hoover Reservoir

19. Water Energy and the Environment • Some land isn’t useable above dams • Fish trapped by dams when swimming • Affects and sometimes destroys natural habitats • Does not pollute air Unusableland above dam

20. Water Wave Energy • Fixed and floating Wave energy • Motion of waves used to drive turbine • Generates electricity • Tide energy systems trap high tides • Tide drops, water behind reservoir flows • Through a power turbine, generating electricity Hurricane Ike’s damage

21. Interesting Facts about Water Energy • Hurricane, tsunami cause damage because storm surge • Testing turbines in Florida gulf stream • Fishermen complain that it takes up space • Turbines off Florida might kill fish Off Florida coast

22. Water Cycle • Helps renew the water energy • Is a process involving water • Steps are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, accumulation A picture that shows the water cycle

23. Geothermal Energy • Greek words geo (earth), therme (heat) • Energy that comes from the earth • Used to generate electricity • Renewable resource • Replenished by rainfall • Continuously produced in the earth

24. History of Geothermal Energy 1904: First geothermal power plant built 1982: Electric generating reached high of 1,000 megawatts 1994: California Energy world’s largest geothermal company 1999: California’s power plants 54.9% of state’s electricity Geothermal energy power plant

25. How Geothermal Energy is Formed • Generated in the core • Generated 4,000 miles below the Earth’s surface • Energy sometimes released through volcanoes • Gets to surface through geysers and fumaroles • Also through hot springs

26. Where is Geothermal Energy Found • Found deep underground in reservoirs • Most activity in Ring of Fire • Ring of Fire rims Pacific Ocean • Areas where Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur • California generates most electricity • Most reservoirs in Alaska and Hawaii California generates most electricity

27. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages • No pollution • Does not contribute to greenhouse effect • Not much environmental impact • No fuel needed • Energy is free Disadvantages • Not many places for power stations • Rocks need to be easily drilled • Sight may run out of steam • Dangerous minerals can be dug up • Difficult to dispose dangerous minerals No fuel needed

28. Environmental Impacts • Releases gases in to atmosphere • Water waste disposal cause water pollution • Sitting power plants cause land damage Sitting power plants cause land damage

29. Uses of Geothermal Energy • Heating buildings through district heating systems • Hot water for bathing and showering • Cooking • Generating electricity Heating buildings through district heating systems

30. Interesting Facts on Geothermal Energy • Power generated over 20 countries worldwide • Every 328ft below ground, temperature increases 5.4 degrees • Facilities produce 4.5 and 7.3 cents per kilowatt-hour • Renewable resource Every 328ft below ground temp. increases 5.4 degrees

31. Geothermal Power Plants • Uses hydrothermal resources • Require temperatures between 300 and 700 degrees Fahrenheit • Hydrothermal resources used by drilling Earth • One plant type, dry steam plant • Another is a flash steam plant • Last is a Binary plant Require temperatures between 300and 700 degrees Fahrenheit

32. Geothermal Heat Pumps • Most energy efficient • Environmentally clean • Becoming more popular • Use Earth’s temperatures to heat, cool buildings This energy is becoming more popular.

33. Global Warming Glaciers and mountains are slowly disappearing. • The increase in Earth’s average temperature • Average temperature increased 1.4 degrees over 28 years • The arctic is most effected • By 2040 arctic may have 1st ice-free summer • Coral reefs sensitive to change • Glaciers and mountains slowly disappearing

34. Resource page Websites and books http://www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa-sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm http://www.freesciencefairproject.com/physics/images/countryleft.JPG Science book http://oh.water.usgs.gov/wse/dams.gif http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/water.html http://www.greenhabitatdesign.com/Alternative%20Energy%20Geothermal.gif http://www.gdrc.org/uem/energy/water-energy.html http://www.youbetican.com/uploads/image/Pollution1.jpg http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/oil/gfx/oil_barrels.jpg http://www.natural-environment.com/blog/2008/03/06/uses-of-crude-oil/ http://courseweb.unt.edu/rhondac/spring2006/webpages/Watercyclegraphic1.gif http://metacoustics.com.au/images/Scan19.jpg http://www.enex.is/lisalib/getfile.aspx?itemid=2728 http://granitegrok.com/pix/oil%20refinery.jpg http://tulanepadova.pbwiki.com/f/hoover-dam-aerial-91_4.jpg http://www.roanokeslant.org/Oil%20Rig.jpg http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/Hydrocarbons.jpg http://www.movingtofreedom.org/images/2007/09/020716-cascade-river-state-park-minnesota--by-scott-carpenter--cc-by-sa-30.jpg http://www.rise.org.au/info/Tech/hydro/image002.jpg http://hurricanecandice.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/water_turbine_3_2.jpg http://www.energybible.com/water_energy/water_turbines.html

35. Resource Page Continued http://www.volunteer.noaa.gov/images/california.gif http://www.treehugger.com/water-cycle-explanation-green-basics.jpg http://www.sonoransteel.com/wedco_red.jpg http://www.treehugger.com/geothermal-power-plant-i01.jpg http://www.cranearts.com/images/the_crane_building_pic.jpg http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa05/lkenney/earth.jpg http://twilit.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/thermometer.jpg http://geothermal.id.doe.gov/i/oldfaithful.jpg http://www.luisprada.com/Protected/IMAGES/global_warming1.jpg http://www.symscape.com/files/images/Water_turbine.img_assist_custom.jpg http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/geothermal.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/geothermal.html http://www.columbia.edu/~ari2102/Oil%20Formation/Oil%20Formation2.html http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/geothermal.htm#adv http://www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa- sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm

36. Resource Page Continued http://www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?resource_id=3 http://www.offshore-environment.com/facts.html http://ran.org/fileadmin/materials/education/factsheets/RAN_OilFacts.pdf http://www.our-energy.com/oil.html http://www.natural-environment.com/blog/2008/03/06/uses-of-crude-oil/ http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining3.htm http://www.maacenter.org/asbestos/workplace/oilrefineryworkers.php http://richardscanoerental.com/photos/GreerSprings01-400bvl.jpg http://www.evworld.com/images/oil_refinery.jpg http://whyfiles.org/100oil/images/capdiag.gif http://alpha.dickinson.edu/departments/envst/lucewebpages/Luce%20Senior%20Seminar%20Webpage-berns/oil%20history%20picture.jpg http://www.treehugger.com/oil.pump.500.jpg http://bbsnews.net/bbsn_images_2005_summer/oil_platform.jpg http://www.volcanoinfo.co.uk/images/img4.jpg http://blog.wired.com/cars/images/2007/07/17/oil_rig_17.jpg http://www.water-energy.net/images/water-energy.jpghttp://www.rps.psu.edu/probing/graphics/earth2.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/c/c4/20071026221400!Geothermal_energy_methods.png