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Energy Transfer During Exercise

Energy Transfer During Exercise. The Energy Systems. Energy Sources. From Food: CHO = 4 kcal Fat = 9 kcal Pro = 4 kcal For Exercise: ATP > ADP + P. Methods of Supplying ATP For Energy. Stored ATP CP or ATP-CP Anaerobic metabolism/glycolysis/lactic acid system Aerobic metabolism.

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Energy Transfer During Exercise

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  1. Energy Transfer During Exercise The Energy Systems

  2. Energy Sources • From Food: • CHO = 4 kcal • Fat = 9 kcal • Pro = 4 kcal • For Exercise: • ATP > ADP + P

  3. Methods of Supplying ATP For Energy • Stored ATP • CP or ATP-CP • Anaerobic metabolism/glycolysis/lactic acid system • Aerobic metabolism

  4. ATP-PC System • Intramuscular phosphagens • Short anaerobic • Uses stored ATP • Strength/power movements • Replenishes

  5. Lactic Acid System • Glycolytic • Long anaerobic • Burns glucose • Accumulates lactate at high intensities • Muscular endurance activities

  6. Blood Lactate Threshold • Exercise intensity at the point of lactate buildup. • Predicts aerobic exercise performance. • Untrained ~ 55% of VO2 max. • Trained ~ 75% of VO2 max.

  7. Aerobic System • Oxidative • Burns fatty acids • Long-term energy • Better butter burner • Cardiorespiratory endurance activities

  8. Energy Systems

  9. The Energy-Time Continuum • As the work time increases, the percentage of energy contributed by the aerobic system increases.

  10. Oxygen Uptake During Aerobic Exercise • Increases sharply at onset • Levels off within a few minutes if pace is constant (steady state) • Oxygen demand met by supply

  11. Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) • The region where oxygen uptake plateaus and does not increase despite an additional increase in exercise intensity.

  12. Maximal Oxygen Uptake • Affected by body size: larger size means larger VO2max. • Absolute oxygen uptake (ml.min.) • Relative oxygen uptake (ml.kg.min.) • Relative to body mass

  13. Oxygen Deficit • Difference between oxygen consumed during exercise and amount that would have been consumed had a steady rate, aerobic metabolism occurred at onset of exercise.

  14. Oxygen Deficit:Trained vs. Untrained • Trained reach steady rate quicker • Higher total oxygen consumption • Less reliance on anaerobic glycolysis • Lower deficit in trained individuals due to: • Earlier aerobic ATP production • Less lactate formation

  15. Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) • Formerly called oxygen debt • Excess oxygen above the resting level in recovery • Most lactate does not synthesize into glycogen as originally thought • Heart, liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscle use lactate as energy substrate during recovery

  16. Active Recovery for Heavy Exercise • Facilitates lactate removal because of: • increased perfusion of blood through the liver and heart • increased blood flow in muscles because muscle tissue oxidizes lactate during Krebs Cycle

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