Centre for Integrated Electronic Systems and Biomedical Engineering CEBE (2008-2015)

1. Tippkeskus Centre for Integrated Electronic Systems and Biomedical Engineering CEBE(2008-2015) Raimund Ubar

2. What is CEBE? • A national centre of excellence in research 2008-2015 • About 80 reseachers and PhD students • Dedicated for R&D in the areas of electronic components, systems, computer and biomedical engineering • Funded within the Measure for the development of CoEs of theOperational programme for the development of the economicenvironment of theEstonian system for the implementation ofthe EU Structural Funds 2007-2013

3. CEBE • Composition of CEBE • CEBE is composed of three research groups financed by the following target-financed themes of the ministry • Design of Reliable Embedded Systems (RES)TTÜ, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Raimund Ubar • Electronic Components and Subsystems for Mission Critical Embedded Systems (EMBEL)TTÜ, Dept. of Electronics, Mart Min • Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering (BME) TTÜ, Technomedicum, Ivo Fridolin

4. CEBE ülevaade

5. CEBE • History • CEBE is based on the existing scientific expertise and capacities developed within: • Estonian Excellence Centre of Dependable Computing (2003-2007), where the RES research team was one of the founding members • TTÜ Centre of Excellence in Electronics and Bionics (2002-2007), where the EMBEL research teams formed the basic institution for R&D in semiconductor and medical engineering; • TTÜ Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Engineering (2002-2007), where BME carried out the basic load of scientific activities in biomedical engineering.

6. CEBE International Cooperation • Europrojects (7) • FP5: Verification and Validation of Embedded System Design Workbench - VERTIGO (2006-2008) • FP6: Knowledge Environment for Interacting Robot Swarms -ROBOSWARM (2006-2009) • FP7: Smart Museum: Cultural Heritage Knowledge Exchange Platform - SMARTMUSEUM (2008-2010) • FP7: Centre of Research Excellence in Dependable Embedded Systems - CREDES (2008-2010) • FP7: Integration of Fluidic and Electric Microscaled Principles -INFLUEMP (2007-2010) • EUREKA: ITEA2 project D-MINT with ABB, DAIMLER, VTT • OLAF: Study on the Euro Coin calibration procedure for obtaining certified reference standards - EUROCOIN

7. CEBE • Mission: • to carry out fundamental and strategic interdisciplinary R&D in the fields of electronics design, digital design and biomedical engineering • by a collaborating consortium • with applications in medicine, semiconductor and information technologies, • to enhance the competitiveness of Estonian scientists, • to contribute with innovative solutions to the development of Estonian economy as well as to the EU as a whole, and • to promote the transfer of academic expertise to society

8. CEBE Objective: Embedded Systems Embedded systems (ca 9000 mil. protsessors) Universal computers (ca 300 mil. processors) Microprocessor market shares 98 % 2 %

9. CEBE ülevaade Research objectives and cooperation in CEBE

10. RES: Research Fields • DependableDigitalSystems(ATI, Raimund Ubar) • Design and Synthesis • Verification and Debugging • Testing and Fault Diagnosis • Design for Dependability

11. RES: Research Environment Possibility for wide range of experimental scenarios Behaviour Level Divide and conquer Logic Level Physical Level

12. RES: Research Environment Logic Level CAD Turbo Tester Wide range of easy-to-use test tools Design interfaces to all major CAD systems Licensed to 110+ institutions in 45+ countries!

13. Moore’s Law History of the computer speed During the years when Estonia has been independent, the speed of computers increased 10 000 times

14. RES: Research Fields Topics: • Modeling • Decomposition • Synthesis & Analysis • Reconfiguration • Simulation • Verification & Debugging Design, Verification, Debugging • Design Flow Hardware emulation increased simulation speed 200 x

15. R 1 M + 1 M R 3 2 * M 2 IN & & & & 1 & & RES: Research Fields Diagnostic Modelling of Digital Systems High-level Logic level Physical level Defect mapping System Level Defect d Defektive area Wd Detected fault • New applications of graph theory • Faster diagnostic algorithms Logic level Hierarchical diagnostic modeling of the system behaviour

16. RES: Research Fields Testing and Fault Diagnosis • Topics: • Hierarchical test generation • Fault simulation • Diagnosis without fault models • Testing and debugging of boards, Boundary Scan • Design for testability • System self-test and embedded fault diagnosis

17. RES: Research Fields • Design for Dependable Systems • Technology scaling  smaller and faster devices • Manufacturing of these sub-nanometer chips defect-free is almost impossible (due to the technology variabilityyield is below acceptable levels) • Increasing importance of transient andintermittent faults (due to the environment) • The problem to be solved:How to design reliable systems out of non-reliable hardware? Radiation Lightning storms Crosstalk Aging

18. EMBEL-I: Research Fields • Electronic components and subsystems of mission critical embedded systems (ELIN) • Topics 1 (Mart Min): • Methods for signal and data acquisition • Data acquisition and wide-band communications • Hardware solutions for reliable data acquisition in sensor networks • Digitizing of analog signals • Signal processing methods and means • Novel signal processing algorithms (DASP technology) • Optimal architectures for signal processors

19. EMBEL-I: Research Fields • Topics 1 (Mart Min, cont.) • Architectures of reconfigurable processors • Design of application specific signal processors • Implementations in wearable medical devices and micro/nano size bio-chips (BioMEMS) • Impedance spectroscopy • Spectral analysis of impedance signals • Applications in bio- and medical technologies for non-invasive and non-destructive diagnosing and testing

20. EMBEL-I: Research Fields We make electronics disappear, embedding itinto your clothes and bed, under the skin, into your body and organs – lungs, heart, brain, etc...and helping so your healing and making your life more enjoyable when your body organs are injured or weary of life Personal and body area electronics

21. EMBEL-I: Research Fields Body area sensor network BAN – Body Area Network PAN – Personal Area Network • Conductive communication through tissue as via “liquid wire” Near-field wireless com-munications (400 MHz, MICS) • Impedance of the communi-cation media (body) against the electromagnetic field character-izes properties of the body • Tissue impedance exposes as a biosensing parameter

22. Bioimpedance chip EMBEL-I: Research Fields Collaboration with St Jude Medical Inc (USA/Sweden), MAS - Micro Analog Systems (Switzerland/Finland) 2-channel bioimpedancemeasurement chip was designed andmanufactured for implantable cardiac monitors

23. EMBEL-II: Research Fields • Topics 2 (Toomas Rang): • Technologies for semiconductor metallisation • Diffusion welding in GaN- and diamond substrates • Application of Schottky and ohmic interfaces in power converters • Theory of hetero-polytype interfaces • HEMT type power devices, enhancing operating speed • High efficiency UV photo receiving devices • Compatibility of nanotech interfaces • Methods for ensuring compatibility between bio/organic and semiconductor/metal structures • Theoretical bases and numerical models for nano-quantum structures and lasers

24. Diffusion Welding (bonding) a) initial status: point contacts and oxide contaminant layer; b) after some yielding and creep: thinner oxide layer and large voids; c) after final yielding and creep: some voids remain with extra thin oxide layer; d) continued vacancy diffusion eliminates oxide layer and leaves some few small vacancies until; e) bonding is complete EMBEL-II: Research Fields

25. “Locomotive of the Progress” EMBEL-II: Research Fields The diffusion welding equipment for realization of metal-semiconductor large area high quality contacts Built at the Department of Electronics in TTÜ

26. Examples: Schottky diodes EMBEL-II: Research Fields The cross section of SchotttkySiC diode and the different layouts ofmetallization realized with diffusion welding technology

27. Examples: Schottky diodes EMBEL-II: Research Fields SiCSchottky chips and mounted demonstrators of  the same diodeswith blocking voltage of 600V, maximumforward  current of 100A andswitch-off time about 12-20 nsec

28. BME: Research Fields • Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering(Technomedicum, Ivo Fridolin) • Brain research • Recording and processing of brain electrical oscillations in order to understand and protect the brain • Investigating the effect of weak electromagnetic radiation (EMF) on the brain • Diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases • Coherent photodetecting to determine blood pressure and dynamic compliance of arteries • Optical methods in early diagnostics of atherosclerosis

29. BME: Research Fields • Topics(Ivo Fridolin, cont.): • Prediction of sudden cardiac death (SD) • Investigation the correlation between non-invasive markers for improvement of SD risk stratification and prediction • Analysis of QT intervals’ spatial and temporal variability to possess the prognostic value for predicting SD • Bio-optical monitoring • Estimation optical parameters of biofluids for patient diagnosis • Bio-optical monitoring for improvement of adequacy and quality of clinical treatments

30. BME: Research Fields TensioTrace– Device for continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements. The theoretical background of the method based on study results of Department of Biomedical Engineering and Estonian Institute of Cardiology. Advances of the method: 1) Simple measurement procedure; 2) Short measurement time (output for every heart beat); 3) Fully non-invasive and patient-friendly method (because we use light).

31. BME: Research Fields • Brain research: understanding and protection of the brain • Interpretation of the Electro EncefaloGram (EEG) signal: • New methods of EEG analysis sensitive to reveal small alterations in the signal hidden in naturalvariability of the EEG; • Effect of modulated microwave radiation on the brain – harmful or healing; • EEG-based parameters for distinction of alterations characteristic for mental disorder (depression) 31

32. BME: Research Fields Prediction of sudden cardiac death (SD) EU - 3000 cases per day/1,1 million per year USA – 1500 cases per day/500 000 per year Professional help is still possible during the first 4-5 min after SD appearance Prediction is important! Parameters: Non-invasive VR parameters, physiological, biochemical and radioimmunological investigations and assessing QT interval parameters 32

33. BME: Research Fields Research topic: Bio-optical monitoring for improvement of adequacy and quality of clinical treatments including haemodialysis treatments DiaSens, LDIAMON AS The clinical experiments at the Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North-Estonian Medical Centre 33

34. Cooperation within CEBE • Competence Fields in CEBE • RES • Design, synthesis and analysis of digital systems • Testing, diagnosis and dependability of systems • EMBEL • Signal processing • Mixed-signal and analog design • Semiconductor technology and applications • BME • Biosignal interpretation • Sensors and sensor networks

35. Cooperation within CEBE • Embedded system applications, cooperation in joint design flow • Sensors and algoritms (BME) • Data acquisition (BME, EMBEL-I) • Design of dependable hardware (EMBEL-I, RES) • Software design (BME) • Testing and debugging of the system (RES, EMBEL-I) • Example: dialysis monitoring application • Dedicated signal processors development • Algorithms for sensor signal processing (BME, EMBEL-I) • Function specific signal processors with reconfigurable architectures(EMBEL-I, RES)

36. Cooperation within CEBE • Defect modeling and dependability of systems • Analysis and characterization of defects (EMBEL-II) • Mapping defects from physical to logic level (EMBEL-II, RES) • Defect modelling at logic and higher levels (RES) • Joint diagnosis methods for technical and natural systems • New paradigm: diagnosis of digital systems without fault models, e.g. for detecting Trojans (RES) • Diagnosis of natural (biomedical or physiological) systems(BME) • Expecting synergy from joint research (BME, RES)

37. Impact of CEBE • CEBE contributes in the main priority areasof the Estonian RDI strategy:info, bio-, and material technologies • The aim is to enhance through application oriented research the competitiveness of Estonian science and industry by maintaining research excellence and innovation • Technology transfer to industry is related to new innovative applications in the fields of bioengineering and development of new methods and tools for design of dependable embedded systems • 25 patents of CEBE is a promising basis for innovative cooperation with Estonian industry

38. Impact of CEBE • The partners of CEBE in Estonian industry are ELIKO, Artec Group, Smartimplant, Cybernetica AS, Elcoteq, National Semiconductor Eesti, Clifton AS, JR Medical, Elcoteq, AS LDI, LDIAMON AS, Emros OÜ, Tensiotrace OÜ, Girf OÜ, AB Medical Teeninduse OÜ, 2 clinics , 4 Estonian hospitals • International cooperation is going on with world leading industrial companies like St. Jude Medical, Boston Scientific, National Semiconductor,Analog Devices, TDI Inc, Göpel Electronic, STMicroelectronics, AerieLogic, TransEda a.o. • Broad cooperation network, high-level research and good training opportunities for PhD students in Estonia and abroad are good prerequisities for successful PhD studies and to increase the numberof highly qualified engineers in Estonia

39. Nearest Events • CEBE Workhop at 2 pm in a room VI-121 • Baltic Electronic Conference (Tallinn, 06.-08.10) • The 2nd CEBE Workshop – mid of October • IEEE Norchip Conference with a fringe event of International Opening of CEBE (Tallinn, 17.-18.11) • Nordic Test Forum (Tallinn, 20.-22.11) • Setting up International Advisory Board • Starting joint seminars with the goal to launch collaborative joint project activities • Setting up an integrated master curricula to involve students in the R&D activities of CEBE www.cebe.ttu.ee