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The Brain and Cranial Nerves Handout #7 Functions of Gray Matter and Handout #8 Cranial Nerves (just location for 3rd te

The Brain and Cranial Nerves Handout #7 Functions of Gray Matter and Handout #8 Cranial Nerves (just location for 3rd test). A. Brain 1. Principal parts 2. Protection and coverings 3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 4. Brain stem: anatomy and physiology

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The Brain and Cranial Nerves Handout #7 Functions of Gray Matter and Handout #8 Cranial Nerves (just location for 3rd te

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  1. The Brain and Cranial NervesHandout #7 Functions of Gray Matter and Handout #8 Cranial Nerves (just location for 3rd test) • A. Brain 1. Principal parts 2. Protection and coverings 3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 4. Brain stem: anatomy and physiology a. Medulla b. Pons c. Midbrain 5. Diencephalon a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus 6. Cerebrum a. Lobes b. White matter c. Basal ganglia d. Limbic system e. Functional areas of the cerebral cortex 7. Cerebellum

  2. Information processing takes place at several levels within the CNS: • 1. spinal cord • 2. lower brain • 3. higher brain

  3. Divisions of Brain

  4. Principal Parts • 1. brain stem • 2. diencephalon • 3. cerebrum • 4. cerebellum

  5. Intro to Protection and Coverings

  6. Protection and Coverings • 1. cranial bones • 2. meninges a. dural sinuses b. dural extensions (1) falx cerebri (2) falx cerebelli (3) tentorium cerebelli • 3. cerebrospinal fluid

  7. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • 1. location • 2. ventricles a. lateral (2) b. third c. fourth

  8. CSF and Homeostasis • 1. mechanical protection • 2. chemical protection • 3. circulation

  9. CSF Formation and Removal • 1. choroid plexus • 2. arachnoid villi

  10. CSF Flow Pattern

  11. Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid

  12. Medulla • Most inferior portion of brainstem • Cranial nerves XII, XI, X, IX, and part of XIII • Regulates blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, swallowing, coughing, vomiting Notable features: pyramids medulla

  13. Pons • Superior to medulla, anterior to cerebellum and inferior to midbrain • Alteration in basic respiratory pattern • Cranial nerves VIII, VII, VI, and V Pons

  14. Midbrain • 1. ventral a. cerebral peduncles b. medial lemniscus 2. dorsal (tectum) a. corpora quadrigemina (1) superior colliculi (2) inferior colliculi b. cranial nerves III and IV Reflex movements involving Visual and auditory stimuli midbrain

  15. Thalamus- part of Diencephalon • 1. paired nuclei • 2. massa intermedia • 3. relay station • 4. crude sensations Thalamus

  16. Frontal section showing Thalamus and Hypothalamus

  17. Hypothalamus • 1. paired nuclei • 2. homeostasis control • 3. functions • 1) integration between the nervous and endocrine systems • 2) control of the autonomic nervous system • 3) regulation of rage and aggression • 4) regulation of body temperature • 5) regulation of food intake • 6) regulation of thirst • 7) regulation of sleep-wake patterns • 8) regulation of sex drive Hypothlamus

  18. Cerebrum • 1. cerebral cortex • 2. internal capsule • 3. gyrus • 4. sulcus • 5. fissures A) longitudinal B) lateral C) transverse • 6. corpus callosum • Our seat of intelligence, consciousness. See, taste, feel, smell and hear

  19. Cerebral Lobes • 1. Frontal • 2. Parietal • 3. Occipital • 4. Temporal • 5. Insula

  20. Fiber Types Found in Cerebral White Matter • Commissural tracts (corpus callosum) • Projection tracts • Association tracts

  21. Gray Matter of Cerebrum Basal Ganglia Nuclei • Masses of gray matter lateral to the thalamus. • Function in large learned semi voluntary muscle movements such as swinging arms when walking

  22. Limbic System • A ring of structures surrounding the inner border of the cerebrum and the floor of the diencephalon, encircling the midbrain. • Emotional brain

  23. Functional Areas • 1. sensory areas • 2. motor areas • 3. association areas

  24. Cerebellum • 1. location • 2. cerebellar cortex • 3. cerebellar white matter • 4. cerebellar nuclei • 5. functions-sequential muscle movements, muscle tone, posture

  25. Cranial Nerves

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