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Ch. 1.4 New Patterns of Civilization: 6 th – 16 th centuries

Ch. 1.4 New Patterns of Civilization: 6 th – 16 th centuries. Unification of the Islamic World & Development of Democracy in Europe in the Middle Ages. I. The World of Islam. In the 7 th C., Muhammad spread a new faith: Islam, meaning “submission to Allah” Born in Mecca in 570CE

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Ch. 1.4 New Patterns of Civilization: 6 th – 16 th centuries

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  1. Ch. 1.4 New Patterns of Civilization: 6th – 16th centuries Unification of the Islamic World & Development of Democracy in Europe in the Middle Ages

  2. I. The World of Islam • In the 7th C., Muhammad spread a new faith: Islam, meaning “submission to Allah” • Born in Mecca in 570CE • While meditating on social problems in 610, a voice spoke to him & he preached those words to others • Collected & written as the Quran • Muhammad’s teachings known as the Hadith

  3. Hadith included the 5 Pillars (belief, prayer, charity, fasting & pilgrimage) • Faith open to all (equality) • Promise of reward at Day of Judgment • Faith united the Middle East & spread: N. Africa, Spain, Iraq, Iran, India, SE Asia • Shared values w/ Jews & Christians: • “People of the book” • God’s will & an individual relationship w/ God

  4. II. Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1500 • Charlemagne (Charles the Great) • Germanic king who conquered Italy & in 800 went to Rome to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III • Signaled the revival of the Roman Empire in the West • His rule helped define Western Europe & the Middle Ages: transition b/w ancient & modern worlds • 1st ruler of a unified W. Europe since Rome fell (476) • Feudalism developed after his death in 814 • Power belonged to nobles/lords who controlled political, economic, & social life Coronation of Charlemagne

  5. III. England in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300 Bayeaux Tapestry • William of Normandy, ruled as King of England (1066-1087), known as the Norman conquest (Battle of Hastings) • All nobles & citizens had to swear loyalty to the King • By 12th C., under Henry II (1154-1189) King expanded royal power by expanding power of royal courts • Common law replaced local law codes William the Conqueror Norman Architecture Henry II

  6. C. The Magna Carta, 1215 • Nobles rebelled against King John b/c he raised taxes to pay for wars he lost against France • Forced to sign the M.C., which limited the King’s power • Guarantees included: • Clause 12: no taxation w/o consent • Clause 39: Due Process

  7. D. Beginnings of Parliament, 13th C. • Legislative body arose under Edward I in 1295 • 2 House Chamber: • House of Lords (upper) • House of Commons (lower) • Created a balance of power b/w king & parliament

  8. IV. Renaissance & Reformation, 14th-16th C. Vitruvian Man, 1490. Relating man to nature – a study in mathematical proportion. He believed the workings of the body were analogous to the workings of the universe. [Encyclopedia Britannica]. • Italian Renaissance • Reconnection w/ Greco-Roman ideals, focus on knowledge, humanism– living well in the here & now, rather than the afterlife • New techniques in art & architecture, questioning faith & the Church • The dissemination of ideas: the printing press (Gutenberg, 1450s)

  9. B. The Protestant Reformation, 16th Century • Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, 1517 • Critical of corruption in the Church, especially of the selling of indulgences, led to a split in the Church: Protestant & Catholic

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