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A Knowledge-Based Tool for Planning of Military Operations: the Coalition Perspective

A Knowledge-Based Tool for Planning of Military Operations: the Coalition Perspective. Larry Ground Alexander Kott Ray Budd BBN Technologies. Presented by Alice Mulvehill. Outline. Main thesis: knowledge-based planning tool can help a coalition staff Example: the CADET tool Advantages:

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A Knowledge-Based Tool for Planning of Military Operations: the Coalition Perspective

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  1. A Knowledge-Based Tool for Planning of Military Operations: the Coalition Perspective Larry Ground Alexander Kott Ray Budd BBN Technologies Presented by Alice Mulvehill

  2. Outline • Main thesis: knowledge-based planning tool can help a coalition staff • Example: the CADET tool • Advantages: • Tasking and synchronization • Estimates and computations • New challenges: • Field maintenance of KB • Collaboration • User interfaces

  3. The Function of CADET CADET • Key Inputs: • COA Statement (object-represented, 5-10 main activities) • Friendly assets, strength, location • Enemy COA, assets, strengths, location • Environment (terrain, etc.) • Key Outputs: • Detailed Plan • 200-500 activities • all BOS’s • timing, synchronization • assets allocated • Estimates • attrition • consumption • risk Application domains: US Army Div, Bde operations, intel ops… Intended users: Bde planning staff officers Role: COA analysis/ wargaming of the US Army MDMP Tool sponsors: Army CECOM, BCBLs, DARPA

  4. How CADET is Used OPORD, OPLAN, FRAGOs are generated and issued Using COA Entry tool, officer enters digitized operational concept: sketch and statement The staff reviews and modifies CADET’s products COA Tool COA Tool sends digitized COA sketch and statement to CADET CADET CADET generates detailed, synchronized plan and estimates

  5. Experimental Results • Rigorous experimental comparison: CADET-assisted vs. conventional • Multiple cases, subject, judges • Conclusions: comparable quality of products, dramatically faster

  6. A challenge: effective tasking, allocation, synchronization challenges staffs More so in coalition: multiple heterogeneous organizations, doctrines A tool can help: serve as an unbiased "first-cut" accommodate nation-specific assets, doctrines reduce emotional factor plan and schedule heterogeneous assets Tasking and Synchronization

  7. A challenge: computations and estimations of time-space, resources, consumption, attrition More so in a coalition A tool can help: rapidly perform thousands of such computations using nation-specific rules, formulae reduce arguments leave more time for higher-level analysis Estimates and Computations attrition logistics movements animation

  8. Distributed Collaboration • Must provide for: • Multiple users – integrated plans • Partial plans by coalition members • Capture, resolve inconsistencies • Asynchronous • Geographically dispersed

  9. Extreme demands on KB maintenance: In the field By non-programmers A partial answer: Simple templates No provisions for programming A 70% solution? A route should be selected so that the unit moves through the destination area An objective area is required The unit candidate criteria, and BOS are specified Maneuver unit advance logic should be used to model the unit movement Given that the seize is supported, the domain expert assesses that the unit performing this task will receive only 90% of the attrition of a normal engagement Field Maintenance of Knowledge

  10. Conventional paradigms, e.g., sync. matrix don’t work Coalition: cultural and training differences Alternatives: Animation? Cartoon sketches? Unconventional Interfaces

  11. Tools like CADET can alleviate some coalition planning challenges: Tasking and synchronization Estimates There is an experimental evidence of dramatic time savings and human-like quality But… such tools also exacerbate some coalition challenges: Knowledge maintenance Collaboration User Interfaces Conclusions

  12. BACKUP SLIDES

  13. Technical Underpinnings • Simple concept of user operation, assumes literally no training; • Tightly interleaved planning and scheduling, routing, attrition and consumption calculations; • Computationally inexpensive algorithms trade optimality for speed, almost instantaneous; • Interleaved adversarial planning via the action-reaction-counteraction paradigm; • Rigorous separation of problem solving components from user interaction; • Extensive use of XML for simple, inexpensive integration heterogeneous systems

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