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India

India. Geography. Geographic barriers allowed Indian civilization to progress with few interruptions from invaders. Hindu Kush Mountains Himalayan Mountains Indian Ocean. Indo-Europeans. Nomadic peoples who migrated across Europe and Asia They spoke forms of the same language.

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India

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  1. India

  2. Geography Geographic barriers allowed Indian civilization to progress with few interruptions from invaders. • Hindu KushMountains • HimalayanMountains • Indian Ocean

  3. Indo-Europeans • Nomadic peoples who migrated across Europe and Asia • They spoke forms of the same language

  4. Indo-Aryans • Nomadic herders who migrated through passes in the Hindu KushMountains

  5. Khyber Pass • Aryan migration route

  6. Aryan Invaders • Conqueredadvanced Indus River Valleycities • Put native Indians on the bottom of the caste system

  7. Aryans • Moved eastand built kingdomsalong the Gangesriver. • The Indus and the Ganges were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent

  8. Vedas • Vast collection of ancient Aryan prayers, magical spells and and instructions for performing rituals • passed on orally for 1000 + years

  9. Caste System • Rigid class system based on occupations • People were born into their caste for life and could only move up in another life

  10. Castes • Influenced all social interactions and choice of occupations • Job • Marriage • Dress

  11. Hinduism • Many forms of one God • Reincarnation • Caste system • Karma • Vedas and Upanishads Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva

  12. Brahman • Many forms of one major deity (God). • The unifying soul in all things.

  13. Reincarnation • Cycles of Rebirth • A spirit is born again and again until moksha(perfect understanding) is achieved

  14. Karma • Good deeds and bad deeds • Future life based on present behavior • Influences caste, health, wealth, etc.

  15. Spread of Hinduism • Hinduism spread from India to Southeast Asia

  16. Upanishads • Dialogues between student and teacher • Explains such concepts as Brahman, karma and reincarnation

  17. Origins of Buddhism • Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautamain the part of India that borders present-day Nepal.

  18. Siddhartha Guatama • Buddha :” The Enlightened One” • Enlightenment: wisdom; a state of perfect understanding

  19. Beliefs of Buddhism • Rejectsthe Hindu castesystem, but keeps the concepts of karma and reincarnation • FourNoble Truths • EightfoldPath

  20. Four Noble Truths • Life is full of suffering • The cause of suffering is desire • The way to end suffering is to end desire • To end desire, one must follow the Eightfold Path

  21. Eightfold Path • The MiddleWay between desires and self-denial •    By following the path anyonecould reach Nirvana •    Nirvana: release from selfishness and pain

  22. Asoka • Asoka’smissionaries and their writings spread Buddhismfrom India to China and other parts of Asia

  23. Spread of Buddhism • Mahayana spread to China, Korea, and Japan • Theravada spread to SE Asiaand Sri Lanka

  24. Religions of East Asia • Colored areas represent predominant religions today • Buddhist ideals eventually became absorbed into the Hindureligion in India

  25. Gupta Empire • Golden age of classicalIndian culture

  26. India’s Golden Age • a period of peace and prosperity and a flourishing of arts, literature and learning Gupta Dynasty Contributions • Mathematics • Textiles (cotton) • Literature • Sugarcane

  27. Hindu Numerals • Base 10 • Included zero • Place value and decimals

  28. Gupta Dynasty Literature • Kalidasa • Tamil poets

  29. Indian Trade • sugarcane • cotton cloth • spices

  30. Lateen Sail

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