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Abolition. If the Union must be dissolved slavery is precisely the question upon which it ought to break John Quincy Adams. Background of Abolitionists MishMosh of Beliefs. Reformers . Saw slavery as a blight on American society and a roadblock to progress .
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Abolition If the Union must be dissolved slavery is precisely the question upon which it ought to break John Quincy Adams
Background of AbolitionistsMishMosh of Beliefs • Reformers. • Saw slavery as a blight on American society and a roadblock to progress. • Mostly came from the middle-class, who were already reforming prisons, education, equality for women, mental health, government, and services for the poor. Susan B. Anthony http://ncwhs.oah.org/images/YoungSusanB.jpg
Background of AbolitionistsMishMosh of Beliefs • Political reasons. • Democrats protested the denial of political and civil rights to blacks. • By 1805, all of the Northern states had either outlawed slavery or set out gradual emancipation. • Northerners believed that the slave South was gaining power and trying to push north of the Missouri Compromise line. Map of US after MO Compromise http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/images/enan_0001_0002_0_img0141.jpg
Background of AbolitionistsKey Terms • Emancipation. • Freeing of slaves. • Abolition. • The immediate and total end of slavery. An Emancipated Slave http://eprentice.sdsu.edu/S03X2/pasenelli/Emancipation.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsColonization • Benjamin Lundy. • Quaker publisher, tried to persuade Southerners to free their slaves. • Once freed, he explored the possibility of colonization in Canada or Haiti. Benjamin Lundy http://images.virtualology.com/ac/4/i/ency0027.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsColonization • 1817, American Colonization Society. • Gradual emancipation of slaves, with freed slaves to be sent to colonies in Africa. • Founded the colony of Liberia. • Would be a long and expensive process. • Slave owners would have to voluntarily take a loss. Liberia http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=62283&rendTypeId=4
Frederick Douglas • runaway slave • self – educated • wrote and spoke the evils of slavery
Abolitionist OpinionsFormer Slaves: Frederick Douglass • Background. • Most well-known escaped slave. • Learned to read and write and mastered a trade while a slave. • Earned enough money from lectures and writing to send to his former master and legally purchase his freedom. • Became part of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. • Would associate with leading abolitionists of the time period. Frederick Douglass http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/images/4fred16b.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsFormer Slaves: Frederick Douglass • Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. • Freedom required not only emancipation, but also full social and economic equality. Frederick Douglass http://www.ls.cc.al.us/blackhistory/douglass2.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsFormer Slaves: Frederick Douglass • Changing opinions. • Originally wanted emancipation by violent means. • Late 1840s, decides to break with the “radical abolitionists.” • Believed that the Constitution needed to be upheld. • If it was not, then emancipation meant nothing because blacks would not be treated as equals. • Destroy slavery by working within the system. Frederick Douglass http://img.timeinc.net/time/2002/bhm/history/images/douglas.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd Garrison • Assistant of Benjamin Lundy, would become a leading abolitionist. • Became leader of the radical view. • Wanted the immediate emancipation of slaves. • Did not care about the political, social, and economic consequences. William Lloyd Garrison http://images.acswebnetworks.com/1/934/garrison_portrait.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd Garrison • Refused to engage in political activity to end slavery. • Compromises have failed in the past. • Laws made to protect slavery were illegal under God’s law. • Prepared to destroy the Union to gain their ends. William Lloyd Garrison http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/William_garrison.jpg/250px-William_garrison.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd Garrison • Garrison was so radical that he burned the Constitution. • Called it an “agreement with Hell.” William Lloyd Garrison http://www.arfalpha.com/PushToTheFront/Volume1_HTM/41e4c670.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd Garrison • The Liberator. • Key abolitionist newspaper. • Extremely controversial in both the North and the South. • Would be banned in the South. • Set out the reasons for abolition in a graphic manner. William Lloyd Garrison http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/his105/images/liberator.jpg
Abolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd Garrison • Importance of Garrison. • Did not have many followers, but opened up new views on abolition. • Abolition was not a reform movement, but a revolution. • Achieving racial equality, not just ending slavery, will lead to the true goal: full justice for blacks. • Saw blacks as true equals. • Supported the efforts of female abolitionists and the women’s rights movement.
Harper’s Ferry (1859) • led by John Brown • wanted to free slaves • stormed the arsenal • convicted of treason and murder • Bought attention to slavery again
Slave Resistance & Uprisings
Slave Resistance • “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].
Slave Resistance • Refusal to work hard. • Isolated acts of sabotage. • Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South Gabriel Prosser1800 1822
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831
A. Underground Railroad • not underground • not a railroad
3. What was it? • a system of loosely organized group of people working against slavery and for freedom • Approximately 100,000 slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad • operated from early 1800s through the Civil War
4. Special Terms • conductors – people who helped guide escaping slaves to freedom • most famous: Harriet Tubman • stations – safe house (hiding places) • Heaven, Promise Land, Canaan= Canada • Passengers, Cargo – fugitive slaves • station masters – person in charge of the hiding places • Big Dipper / North Star were used
5. Maps were not used . . . • routes were passed on through songs and quilts • Follow the Drink Gourd
Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.