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Isfahan University of Technology

Isfahan University of Technology. Advance Physiology (part 5). By: A. Riasi (PhD in Animal Nutrition & Physiology). Is there any differences between muscle fiber for the ATP hydrolysis and synthesis?. Three types of skeletal muscle fibers: 1- Slow-oxidative (type I) fibers

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Isfahan University of Technology

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  1. Isfahan University of Technology Advance Physiology (part 5) By: A. Riasi (PhD in Animal Nutrition & Physiology)

  2. Is there any differences between muscle fiber for the ATP hydrolysis and synthesis?

  3. Three types of skeletal muscle fibers: • 1- Slow-oxidative (type I) fibers • 2- Fast-oxidative (type IIa) fibers • 3- Fast-glycolytic (type IIb, IId, IIx) fibers

  4. Fast fibers have higher myosin-ATPase activity than slow fibers. Some fiber are better equipped for oxidative phosphorylation.

  5. Oxidative fibers characteristics: • More mitochondria • More capillaries • More myoglobin content Figure 3.25b

  6. Fast-glycolytic have following characteristics: • Few mitochondria • High glycogen content • Few capillaries • Low myoglobin and pale • High myosin-ATase activity • High intensity of contraction Figure 3.25b

  7. Smooth Muscles Figure 3.25b

  8. Smooth share some basic properties with skeletal muscle: 1- They are all have a specialized contractile apparatus. 2- They are all directly use ATP as energy source for cross-bridge cycling. Figure 3.25b

  9. Some more important of smooth muscle characteristics: • Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped. • Unlike skeletal muscle cells, a single smooth muscle cell does not extend the full length of a muscle. • A group of smooth muscle cells are typically arranged in sheets. • Lacking sarcomeres, smooth muscle does not have Z lines as such, but dense bodies containing the same protein constituent found in Z lines are present. Figure 3.25b

  10. Figure 3.25b

  11. A smooth muscle cell has three types of filaments: • Thick myosin filaments, which are longer than those found in skeletal muscle. • Thin actin filaments, which contain tropomyosin but lack the regulator protein troponin. • Filament of intermediated size.

  12. Figure 3.25b

  13. Figure 3.25b

  14. The smooth muscle cells are divided to two groups: • Single unit smooth muscle cells • Multiunit smooth muscle cells Gap junctions electrically link the muscle fiber in a single-unit smooth muscle. Figure 3.25b

  15. Multiunit smooth muscle exhibits properties partway between skeletal muscle and a single unit muscle. Multiunit smooth muscle consist of multiple discrete units that function independently of each other and must be separately stimulated by nerves to contracts. Figure 3.25b

  16. Figure 3.25b

  17. Cardiac Muscles Cardiac muscles share structural and functional characteristics with both skeletal and single unit smooth muscles. Figure 3.25b

  18. Cardiac Muscles Figure 3.25b

  19. Cardiac Muscles Figure 3.25b

  20. Cardiac Muscles Figure 3.25b

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